{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:21:38Z","timestamp":1790724098087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to investigate the extent of absorption in different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The relative bioavailability of an apixaban crushed tablet was also assessed to investigate the effect of dissolution on absorption. This was an open\u2010label, randomized, 4\u2010period, 4\u2010treatment crossover study with a 7\u2010day washout period balanced for first\u2010order residual effects in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects received a single dose of a 2.5\u2010mg apixaban solution administered orally, released in the distal small intestine and in the ascending colon. In addition, subjects received a single dose of a 2.5\u2010mg apixaban crushed tablet released in the ascending colon. The solution and crushed tablet were delivered via Enterion capsules. The location of Enterion capsules was monitored using scintigraphic imaging. Apixaban maximum observed plasma concentration (C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) and area under the plasma concentration\u2013time curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC<jats:sub>0\u2013t<\/jats:sub>) decreased by approximately 60% when it was delivered to the distal small bowel compared with the oral administration. A greater decrease was observed when it was delivered to the ascending colon, with reductions of 90% and 84% in C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> and AUC<jats:sub>0\u2013t<\/jats:sub>, respectively. A crushed tablet delivered to the ascending colon resulted in exposure that was approximately 40% of that observed for solution released in the same region. These findings indicate that apixaban exhibits region\u2010dependent absorption and that dissolution\/solubility of the solid\u2010dose form is limited in the ascending colon. Apixaban absorption decreased progressively along the GI tract, indicating that absorption occurs primarily in the upper GI tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T14:07:57Z","timestamp":1522073277000},"page":"965-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Regional Gastrointestinal Absorption of Apixaban in Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Wonkyung","family":"Byon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc.  Groton CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Nepal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb  Princeton NJ USA"},{"name":"PRA Health Services  Raleigh NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb  Princeton NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Shenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb  Princeton NJ USA"},{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline  King of Prussia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb  Princeton NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb Company PI.Eliquis (apixaban) prescribing information.2017.http:\/\/packageinserts.bms.com\/pi\/pi_eliquis.pdf. 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