{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:23:02Z","timestamp":1791890582937,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of intravaginal diazepam in treating chronic pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction associated with high\u2010tone pelvic floor dysfunction. A literature search was conducted in Medline and Web of Science, including articles from the database's inception to July 2019. The search identified 126 articles, and 5 articles met study inclusion criteria: 2 observational reviews and 3 small randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating intravaginal diazepam for high\u2010tone pelvic floor dysfunction. The 2 observational studies identified subjective reports of improvement in sexual function for a majority of women, 96% and 71%, in each study. However, there were no statistical differences between Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain identified. One RCT found no significant changes between groups in median FSFI or VAS scores, and a second RCT found no significant changes between groups in 100\u2010mm VAS scores. The third RCT demonstrated that compared with placebo, treatment with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and intravaginal diazepam for women with vestibulodynia and high\u2010tone pelvic floor dysfunction yielded significant differences in reduction of dyspareunia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .05), ability to relax pelvic floor muscles after contraction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264.05), and current perception threshold values at a 5\u2010Hz stimulation related to C fibers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), but no significant changes in 10\u2010cm VAS scores. Intravaginal diazepam may be helpful in women with a specific diagnosis of high\u2010tone pelvic floor dysfunction, but more and larger studies are needed to confirm these potential effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T04:56:32Z","timestamp":1607057792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Systematic Review of Intravaginal Diazepam for the Treatment of Pelvic Floor Hypertonic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca H.","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy University of Georgia College of Pharmacy  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Abousaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Emory Healthcare  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseala","family":"Abousaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Emory Healthcare  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kobak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois College of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3603-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/487436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31829cbb9b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/whe-2016-0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","article-title":"The overactive pelvic floor (OPF) and sexual dysfunction. part 2: evaluation and treatment of sexual dysfunction in OPF patients","author":"Padoa A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e3181907870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X684385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26525"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Dhaliwal JS","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Diazepam. 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