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These sedatives\u2010hypnotics can be indicated to treat anxiety, seizures, depression, and insomnia but are also used as substances of abuse and used to facilitate sexual assault. Barbiturates, methaqualone, and glutethimide were among the first type A GABA receptor\u2013mediated sedative\u2010hypnotics. Their clinical use was limited for most indications by serious adverse events and strong abuse potential but continue to be used illicitly around the world. The benzodiazepines supplanted barbiturates for most indications because they were less likely to cause severe adverse events in monotherapy. Flunitrazepam is a newer benzodiazepine that is preferentially used recreationally and to facilitate sexual assault. Flunitrazepam has greater potency and higher affinity for the type A GABA receptor than most benzodiazepines. Gamma\u2010hydroxybutyric acid is sought illicitly for its hypnotic, euphoric and anabolic effects as well as to facilitate sexual assault. When any of these GABAergic drugs are used in high doses or with other sedative hypnotic agents, respiratory depression, coma, and death have occurred. Chronic use of these GABAergic drugs can lead to significant withdrawal syndromes. Phenibut and selank are poorly studied Russian drugs with GABAergic mechanisms that are inexplicably sold to US consumers as dietary supplements. Poison control center calls regarding phenibut have increased substantially over the past 5 years. Desired euphoriant effects account for the recreational and illicit use of many GABA\u2010modulating agents. However, illicit use can lead to significant toxicities related to abuse, dependence, and subsequent withdrawal syndromes. Significant evaluation of developing agents with GABA properties should be conducted to determine abuse potential before public access ensues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T06:34:25Z","timestamp":1629095665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sedative\u2010Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma\u2010Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma\u2010Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Cassandra R.","family":"Doyno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy Storrs Connecticut USA"},{"name":"John Dempsey Hospital University of Connecticut Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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