{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T21:16:08Z","timestamp":1785014168731,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The discovery of new biomarkers and the causality of drug\u2010induced liver injury (DILI) is a major focus in modern medicine. Alcoholism is considered a risk factor for DILI. However, the extraction and assessment of alcohol history are difficult due to noncooperation by patients and intermittent management. Therefore, we conducted a case\u2010control study of 1277 patients diagnosed with DILI according to the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method scale to evaluate gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT) as a biomarker for predicting DILI in Vietnamese patients, where the proportion of alcoholism is quite high. Further, we built and validated a logistic regression model to predict the risk of DILI in hospitalized patients. The risk of DILI increased by 10% for 1 UI\/L higher levels of GGT before prescription (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00\u20101.01). A history of alcoholism was not a risk factor for DILI occurrence (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 0.99\u20103.04; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .057). A logistic regression model was successfully built and validated based on age; sex; initial levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatate, GGT, likelihood score of the suspected drug, and history of liver disease; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.883 (95%CI, 0.868\u20100.897). Our results thus suggest the necessity of exercising caution when prescribing to patients without a history of alcoholism but having high GGT levels. This model can be applied clinically to assess the risk of DILI before prescribing to reduce the risk of DILI in the patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T11:25:32Z","timestamp":1629458732000},"page":"110-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Multiple Logistic Regression Model Based on Gamma\u2010Glutamyl Transferase as a Biomarker for Early Prediction of Drug\u2010Induced Liver Injury in Vietnamese Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0523-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong Thi Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Hai Phong Vietnam"},{"name":"Hai Phong International Hospital  Haiphong Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dung Van","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Hai Phong Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khue Minh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Hai Phong Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-2625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoi Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Hai Phong Vietnam"},{"name":"Hai Phong International Hospital  Haiphong Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. Drug\u2010Induced Liver Injury (DILI). Current status and future directions for drugs development and the post\u2010market setting.https:\/\/cioms.ch\/publications\/product\/drug-induced-liverinjury\/. Published 2020. Accessed January 23 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200932010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.1.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200201010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/KFS197"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for severe liver toxicity in HIV\u2010infected patients on anti\u2010tuberculosis treatment","volume":"11","author":"Pukenyte E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/274603. Published 2018. Accessed January 12 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90101-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90101-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17010014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-0654-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85708-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs-2019-0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.020"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcph.1955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcph.1955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcph.1955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T17:08:28Z","timestamp":1693242508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcph.1955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcph.1955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcph.1955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-2700","1552-4604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4604","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}