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Despite extensive research in the field, there is currently a paucity of medications available for PTB prevention and treatment. Over the past few decades, inflammation in gestational tissues has emerged at the forefront of PTB pathophysiology. Even in the absence of infection, inflammation alone can prematurely activate the main components of parturition resulting in uterine contractions, cervical ripening and dilatation, membrane rupture, and subsequent PTB. Mechanistic studies have identified critical elements of the complex inflammatory molecular pathways involved in PTB. Here, we discuss therapeutic options that target such key mediators with an aim to prevent, postpone, or treat PTB. We provide an overview of more traditional therapies that are currently used or being tested in humans, and we highlight recent advances in preclinical studies introducing novel approaches with therapeutic potential. We conclude that urgent collaborative action is required to address the unmet need of developing effective strategies to tackle the challenge of PTB and its complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T12:20:39Z","timestamp":1663244439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Preterm Birth Therapies to Target Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Pavlidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick Biomedical Research Unit in Reproductive Health  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Usher Institute  Edinburgh 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