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While most arrhythmias in the fetus are benign, both tachy\u2010 and bradyarrhythmias can lead to fetal hydrops or cardiac dysfunction and require treatment under certain conditions. This review will highlight precise diagnosis by fetal echocardiography and magnetocardiography, the 2 primary means of diagnosing fetuses with arrhythmia. Additionally, transient or hidden arrhythmias such as bundle branch block, QT prolongation, and torsades de pointes, which can lead to cardiomyopathy and sudden unexplained death in the fetus, may also need pharmacologic treatment. The review will address the types of drug therapies; current knowledge of drug usage, efficacy, and precautions; and the transition to neonatal treatments when indicated. Finally, we will highlight new assessments, including the role of the nurse in the care of fetal arrhythmias. The prognosis for the human fetus with arrhythmias continues to improve as we expand our ability to provide intensive care unit\u2013like monitoring, to better understand drug treatments, to optimize subsequent pregnancy monitoring, to effectively predict timing for delivery, and to follow up these conditions into the neonatal period and into childhood. Coordinated initiatives that facilitate clinical fetal research are needed to address gaps in knowledge and to facilitate fetal drug and device development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T12:20:39Z","timestamp":1663244439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Fetal Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janette F.","family":"Strasburger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Engineering Children's Wisconsin, Herma Heart Institute, and Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin 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