{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:19:33Z","timestamp":1747149573747,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Precision\u2010dosing models forecast infliximab doses to achieve targeted trough concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These models have shown to reduce nonresponse and improve patient outcomes. We compared infliximab doses determined by iDOSE precision dosing with standard dosing, and the associated drug costs, in patients with IBD. In this retrospective study, patients with IBD treated with infliximab every 8 weeks at 5 mg\/kg were included. An infliximab dose was named dose X if 3 previous infliximab doses, laboratory values including trough infliximab concentrations, and the patient's weight were recorded. The actual dose X was compared to an iDOSE\u2010predicted dose X. Net drug use and costs were evaluated. A total of 174 patients\u201456% men; median age, 36 (interquartile range, 29\u201047) years; 135 with Crohn disease; and 31 with ulcerative colitis\u2014were included, with 417 dose X recordings. Median prior infliximab therapy was 2 (0\u20104) years. Comparing actual dose X with predicted dose X, 52% and 32% of doses were subtherapeutic when aiming for trough concentrations of 5\u201010 and 3\u20107 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Treatment costs increased by 102% and 29% for the 2 trough ranges, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, subtherapeutic infliximab concentrations were associated with ulcerative colitis compared with Crohn disease (odds ratio, 9.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.28\u201075.40; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .028) and predose X infliximab trough concentration [odds ratio, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.03\u20100.15; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001]. Over half of maintenance infliximab drug doses were too low to achieve infliximab blood concentrations of 5 \u03bcg\/mL or greater. While applying precision dosing may improve patient outcomes, drug costs could be considerably greater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T18:36:15Z","timestamp":1700073375000},"page":"399-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Application of a Precision\u2010Dosing Model to a Real\u2010World Cohort of Patients on Infliximab Maintenance Therapy: Drug Usage and Cost Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke L.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Monash Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard N.","family":"Upton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projections Research, Inc. Phoenixville PA USA"},{"name":"University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8908-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane R.","family":"Mould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projections Research, Inc. Phoenixville PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miles P.","family":"Sparrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0627-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0718-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01650-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"MouldDR.iDOSE. 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