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The aim of this work was to use knowledge of physiology to improve the IGI model's description of glucose absorption and gastric emptying after tests with varying glucose doses. The developed model's performance was compared to empirical models. To develop our model, data from oral and intravenous glucose challenges in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects were used together with present knowledge of small intestinal transit time, glucose inhibition of gastric emptying, and saturable absorption of glucose over the epithelium to improve the description of gastric emptying and glucose absorption in the IGI model. Duodenal glucose was found to inhibit gastric emptying. The performance of the saturable glucose absorption was superior to linear absorption regardless of the gastric emptying model applied. The semiphysiological model developed performed better than previously published empirical models and allows better understanding of the mechanisms underlying glucose absorption. In conclusion, our new model provides a better description and improves the understanding of dynamic glucose tests involving oral glucose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T10:31:27Z","timestamp":1438252287000},"page":"340-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Semimechanistic model describing gastric emptying and glucose absorption in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Oskar","family":"Alsk\u00e4r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonatan I.","family":"Bagger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rikke M.","family":"R\u00f8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip K.","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats O.","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Vilsb\u00f8ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Kjellsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.735795"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E981","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.5.E981","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans","volume":"273","author":"Nauck MA","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2010Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418345","article-title":"Intra\u2010individual variation of glucose, specific insulin and proinsulin concentrations measured by two oral glucose tolerance tests in a general Caucasian population: the Hoorn study","volume":"39","author":"Mooy J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'SullivanJB MahanC.Glucose tolerance test. 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