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However, despite the increasing prevalence of this highly popular class of medicine, and despite potential significant risks associated with magnesium depletion, including cardiac arrhythmias and seizures, there are no well\u2010designed studies to delineate the nature of this observed association. Consequently, providers must use best judgment to inform clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current body of evidence linking PPI use with hypomagnesemia, acknowledges the possibility of significant residual confounding in the observational data, explains potential physiologic mechanisms, and offers clinical recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T05:16:46Z","timestamp":1447910206000},"page":"660-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Magnesium Deficiency and Proton\u2010Pump Inhibitor Use: A Clinical Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"William","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Danziger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"G720","article-title":"Comparison of calcium and magnesium absorption: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"259","author":"Hardwick LL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/Schweigel"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00556-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35079092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"646","article-title":"Gastrointestinal absorption and excretion of Mg 28 in man","volume":"9","author":"Graham LA","year":"1960","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Magnesium homeostasis and renal magnesium handling","volume":"19","author":"Quamme GA.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907724106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311201200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800167200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066604271539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90587-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39505.738981.BE"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Hypomagnesaemia due to use of proton pump inhibitors\u2014a review","volume":"67","author":"Kuipers MT","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405103101910"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004110989"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.2.469","article-title":"Relationship of magnesium intake and other dietary factors to blood pressure: the Honolulu Heart Study","volume":"45","author":"Joffres MR","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"The association between admission magnesium concentrations and lactic acidosis in critical illness","author":"Moskowitz A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intens Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6751.521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6490.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00040-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.08.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc066308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"FDA Drug Safety Communication.Low magnesium levels can be associated with long\u2010term use of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs (PPIs).http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/ucm245011.htm. 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