{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:22:49Z","timestamp":1772994169240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2706100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2706100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Piperacillin\/tazobactam is the first\u2010line treatment for pneumonia in elderly patients. However, there are differences in dosing regimens and infusion times among different centers. We aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in elderly patients with pneumonia and optimize the dosing regimens. This was a prospective pharmacokinetic (PK) study of piperacillin\/tazobactam in elderly patients with pneumonia using an opportunistic sampling design. The blood concentration of piperacillin was determined by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography. A population PK model was constructed using NONMEM software, and its predictive performance was further validated in a separate test cohort. The final population PK model was used for dose optimization. A total of 151 blood samples from 73 patients were used to develop a population PK model, and 60 concentrations of therapeutic drug monitoring from 22 patients were used for model validation. A one\u2010compartment model with first\u2010order elimination was established. Covariate analysis showed that eGFR was the only covariate. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that for pathogens with MIC values of 8 and 16 mg\/L, the dosing regimen (4000 mg every 6\/8 h administered 30 min) used in this study resulted in PTAs of 23.5%\u201064.3%. The PTAs of the dosing regimen 4000 mg every 6 h administered by 4\u2010h infusion for patients with different levels of renal function exceeded 90% (90.7%\u201099.8%), except for patients with eGFR \u2265 50 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T06:19:31Z","timestamp":1754461171000},"page":"1767-1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Piperacillin in Elderly Patients with Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Second Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care The Second Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u2010Hao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan 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Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue\u2010E","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"De\u2010Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Second Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Jinan China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The Second Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Clinical Trial Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University &amp; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine 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