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GHB has non\u2010dose\u2010proportional effects and pharmacologic effects such as sedation and retrograde amnesia, which can incapacitate people targeted for assault. It has Krebs cycle metabolism, rapid clearance, relative hydrophilicity, and unique drug interactions. Promptly seeking medical attention during intentional or inadvertent overdose is critical to survival, as is prompt supportive care once medical personnel are alerted. People drugged before assault also need to promptly notify authorities because the period to detect the drug in the urine or blood is brief and the ultimate metabolites are carbon dioxide and water. After acute treatment has passed, withdrawal could be severe in chronic abusers that could harm the patient directly or drive them back into reuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,20]],"date-time":"2016-05-20T06:47:31Z","timestamp":1463726851000},"page":"33-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used <b>\u03b3<\/b>\u2010Hydroxybutyrate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"C. Michael","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy and Hartford Hospital Department of Pharmacy  Storrs CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Gamma\u2010hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) Critical Review Report. 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