{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:54:07Z","timestamp":1791352447584,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity using nationally representative samples of people aged \u226565\u2009years from diverse geographical regions of the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were available for 18\u2009363 people aged \u226565\u2009years who participated in the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe survey conducted in Finland, Poland, and Spain, and the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health survey conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, between 2007 and 2012. A skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was created to reflect SMM. SMM, SMI, and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated with specific indirect population formulas. These estimates were based on age, sex, weight, height, and race. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were defined with specific cut\u2010offs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.6% (Poland) to 17.5% (India), and that of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 1.3% (India) to 11.0% (Spain). Higher %BF was associated with lower SMM in all countries, and with sarcopenia in five countries (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to high levels of physical activity, low levels were related with higher odds for sarcopenia [OR 1.36 (95%CI 1.11\u20131.67)] and sarcopenic obesity [OR 1.80 (95%CI 1.23\u20132.64)] in the overall sample. Also, a dose\u2010dependent association between higher numbers of chronic diseases and sarcopenic obesity was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical activity and body composition changes such as high %BF are key factors for the prevention of sarcopenia syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T22:22:57Z","timestamp":1444256577000},"page":"312-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":247,"title":["Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi\u2010continent study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Tyrovolas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Universitat de Barcelona. Fundaci\u00f3 Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM  Monforte de Lemos 3\u20105, Pabell\u00f3n 11 28029 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Universitat de Barcelona. Fundaci\u00f3 Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM  Monforte de Lemos 3\u20105, Pabell\u00f3n 11 28029 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Universitat de Barcelona. Fundaci\u00f3 Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM  Monforte de Lemos 3\u20105, Pabell\u00f3n 11 28029 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Ayuso\u2010Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM  Monforte de Lemos 3\u20105, Pabell\u00f3n 11 28029 Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario la Princesa  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Miret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM  Monforte de Lemos 3\u20105, Pabell\u00f3n 11 28029 Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario la Princesa  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somnath","family":"Chatterji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Tobiasz\u2010Adamczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sociology Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit Neurological Institute \u2018Carlo Besta\u2019 Foundation IRCCS (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico)  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Universitat de Barcelona. 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