{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T18:39:29Z","timestamp":1776451169452,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T10:52:49Z","timestamp":1448621569000},"page":"269-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cachexia: a nutritional syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Anker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology; Charit\u00e9 Medical School; Campus Virchow-Klinikum Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Innovative Clinical Trials; University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen; G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Endocrinology; Saint Louis University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0001|jcsm12088-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: a new definition","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0002|jcsm12088-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0003|jcsm12088-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.02.004","article-title":"Consensus on cachexia definitions","volume":"11","author":"Argiles","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0004|jcsm12088-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0164-8","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and clinical impact of cachexia: facts and numbers-update 2014","volume":"5","author":"Haehling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0005|jcsm12088-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.09.007","article-title":"Treatment of cachexia: an overview of recent developments","volume":"15","author":"Haehling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0006|jcsm12088-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.07.009","article-title":"Nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of hypoxia","volume":"27","author":"Raguso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0007|jcsm12088-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.4.735","article-title":"Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance","volume":"83","author":"Morley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0008|jcsm12088-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6686.2013.00341.x","article-title":"A literature review of end-stage renal disease and cachexia: understanding experience to inform evidence-based healthcare","volume":"39","author":"Reid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ren Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0009|jcsm12088-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2010.00178.x","article-title":"Cachexia in pancreatic cancer: new treatment options and measures of success","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2010","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0010|jcsm12088-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.12.078","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a disease of older persons","volume":"15","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0011|jcsm12088-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.07.068","article-title":"Frailty and heart disease","volume":"168","author":"Von Haehling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0012|jcsm12088-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.06.009","article-title":"Predicting outcomes from 6-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"13","author":"Spruit","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0013|jcsm12088-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.10.031","article-title":"Stroke induced sarcopenia: muscle wasting and disability after stroke","volume":"170","author":"Sherbakov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0014|jcsm12088-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.04.014","article-title":"Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Morley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0015|jcsm12088-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0132-3","article-title":"From sarcopenia to frailty: a road less traveled","volume":"5","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0016|jcsm12088-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0017|jcsm12088-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.10.017","article-title":"Fighting sarcopenia in older frail subjects: protein fuel for strength, exercise for mass","volume":"14","author":"Boirie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0018|jcsm12088-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.04.014","article-title":"Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Morley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0019|jcsm12088-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.07.005","article-title":"Protein supplementation improves physical performance in frail elderly people: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Tieland","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0020|jcsm12088-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003288.pub3","article-title":"Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition","author":"Milne","year":"2009 April 15","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0021|jcsm12088-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.009","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines, aging, and age-related diseases","volume":"14","author":"Michaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0022|jcsm12088-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.02.004","article-title":"Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people","volume":"14","author":"Soenen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0023|jcsm12088-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0061-9","article-title":"Anorexia of aging: a true geriatric syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0024|jcsm12088-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.10.022","article-title":"Prevalence and potentially reversible factors associated with anorexia among older nursing home residents: results from the ULISSE project","volume":"14","author":"Landi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0025|jcsm12088-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007904.pub3","article-title":"Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and\/or chemotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Nugent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0026|jcsm12088-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.12.083","article-title":"Efficacy and costs of nutritional rehabilitation in muscle-wasted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a community-based setting: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the INTERCOM trial","volume":"11","author":"Wetering","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0027|jcsm12088-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0075-5","article-title":"Predicting survival in cancer patients: the role of cachexia and hormonal, nutritional and inflammatory markers","volume":"3","author":"Utech","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0028|jcsm12088-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0105-y","article-title":"Cachexia as a major public health problem: frequent, costly, and deadly","volume":"4","author":"Farkas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0029|jcsm12088-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2014.02.005","article-title":"Dietary treatment of weight loss in patients with advanced cancer and cachexia: a systematic literature review","volume":"91","author":"Balstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0030|jcsm12088-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0099-x","article-title":"Nutrition impact symptoms in advanced cancer patients: frequency and specific interventions, a case-control study","volume":"4","author":"Omlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0031|jcsm12088-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1188\/07.CJON.875-880","article-title":"Nutritional support during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: the role of prophylactic feeding tube placement","volume":"11","author":"Cady","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0032|jcsm12088-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110377097","article-title":"Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in treatment of head and neck cancer: a comprehensive review and call for evidence-based medicine","volume":"35","author":"Locher","year":"2011","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0033|jcsm12088-cit-0033","article-title":"Medically assisted nutrition for adult palliative care patients","volume":"4","author":"Good","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0034|jcsm12088-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004310.pub3","article-title":"Megestrol acetate for treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Ruiz Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0035|jcsm12088-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004536.pub3","article-title":"Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV","volume":"2","author":"Grobler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0036|jcsm12088-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0008-0","article-title":"The effects of a high-caloric protein-rich oral nutritional supplement in patients with chronic heart failure and cachexia on quality of life, body composition, and inflammation markers: a randomized, double-blind pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Rozentryt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarocpenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0037|jcsm12088-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104E","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.03.008","article-title":"Oral amino acid supplements improve exercise capacities in elderly patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Aquilani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0038|jcsm12088-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.103917","article-title":"Three-year survival of patients with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and L-carnitine administration","volume":"139","author":"Rizos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0039|jcsm12088-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.09.70","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in patients with heart failure: results of the GISSI-HF trial","volume":"7","author":"Marchioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0040|jcsm12088-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.08.008","article-title":"Resting energy expenditure and the effects of muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the Studies Investigating Comorbidities Aggravating Heart Failure (SICA-HF)","volume":"14","author":"Tacke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0041|jcsm12088-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32832cdb0f","article-title":"Nutrition in heart failure: an update","volume":"12","author":"Sandek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0042|jcsm12088-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0019-5","article-title":"Wasting in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Mak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0043|jcsm12088-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0131-4","article-title":"Daily physical activity and physical function in adults maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0044|jcsm12088-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0160-z","article-title":"Resistance exercise: an effective strategy to reverse muscle wasting in hemodialysis in patients?","volume":"5","author":"Rhee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0045|jcsm12088-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00112.x","article-title":"Randomized double-blind trial of oral eseential amino acids for dialysis-associated hypoalbuminemia","volume":"57","author":"Eustace","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0046|jcsm12088-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.11.036","article-title":"Intradialytic oral nutritional supplements improve quality of life","volume":"61","author":"Vilay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0047|jcsm12088-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.08.007","article-title":"Oral intradialytic nutritional supplement use and mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"63","author":"Weiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0048|jcsm12088-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.09.011","article-title":"Four-month course of soluble mil proteins interacts with exercise to improve muscle strength and delay fatigue in elderly participants","volume":"15","author":"Gryson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0049|jcsm12088-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26538","article-title":"Effect of testosterone and a nutritional supplement, alone and in combination, on hospital admissions in undernourished older men and women","volume":"89","author":"Chapman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0050|jcsm12088-cit-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls229","article-title":"Is the optimal level of protein intake for older adults greater than the recommended dietary allowance?","volume":"68","author":"Volpi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/jcsm.12088-BIB0051|jcsm12088-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE study group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcsm.12088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/jcsm.12088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T10:52:36Z","timestamp":1625309556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.12088"}},"subtitle":["Editorial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]}}}