{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:10:33Z","timestamp":1787069433197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470096000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1006407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1006407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP1095366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP1095366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although muscle mass declines with testosterone deficiency in men, previous studies of muscle function have not demonstrated consistent deficits, likely due to relatively insensitive methodology. Our objective was to determine the effects of testosterone deprivation on the biomechanical function of individual lower\u2010limb muscles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a 12\u2010month prospective, observational case\u2013control study of 34 men newly commencing androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) for prostate cancer and 29 age\u2010matched prostate cancer controls. Participants were assessed at 0, 6, and 12\u2009months while walking in a biomechanics laboratory. We combined video\u2010based motion capture and ground reaction force data with computerized musculoskeletal modelling to assess the following primary outcomes: (i) peak joint torques at the hip, knee and ankle, and corresponding individual muscle forces; (ii) individual muscle contributions to acceleration of the body's centre of mass; and (iii) walking speed, stride length, and step width. A linear mixed model was used to compare mean differences between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls over 12\u2009months, men receiving ADT had a mean reduction in total testosterone level from 14.1 to 0.4\u2009nmol\/L, and demonstrated more marked decreases in peak hip flexor torque by 14% [mean difference \u22120.11\u2009N\/kg (\u22120.19, \u22120.03),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01] and peak knee extensor torque by 16% [\u22120.11\u2009N\/kg (\u22120.20, \u22120.02),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02] of the initial mean value. Correspondingly, iliopsoas force decreased by 14% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), and quadriceps force decreased by 11%, although this narrowly missed statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07). Soleus decreased contribution to forward acceleration of the body's centre of mass by 17% [mean difference \u22120.17\u2009m\/s\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\u22120.29, \u22120.05),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01]. No significant changes between groups were observed in other joint torques or individual muscle contributions to acceleration of the body. Step width increased by 18% [mean adjusted difference 1.4\u2009cm (0.6, 27.4),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042] in the ADT group compared with controls, with no change in stride length or walking speed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Testosterone deprivation selectively decreases lower\u2010limb muscle function, predominantly affecting muscles that support body weight, accelerate the body forwards during walking, and mediate balance. Future exercise and pro\u2010myogenic interventional studies to mitigate ADT\u2010associated sarcopenia should target these deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T09:15:33Z","timestamp":1470215733000},"page":"102-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Androgen deprivation causes selective deficits in the biomechanical leg muscle function of men during walking: a prospective case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ada S.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony G.","family":"Schache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Hoermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl","family":"Lim Joon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus G.","family":"Pandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathis","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.2776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685530500361226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.8850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-14-0172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00584.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-070909-105259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(78)90058-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1392310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2006.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00058.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-105726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12089"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcsm.12133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcsm.12133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.12133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/chorus\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcsm.12133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T02:59:46Z","timestamp":1696388386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.12133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.12133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}