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The molecular mechanisms by which exercise improves impaired adiponectin\/adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)\u2010related muscle actions associated with aging are poorly understood. Here we observed that in a senescence\u2010accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) model, long\u2010term ET modulated muscle\u2010regenerative actions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>25\u2010week\u2010old male SAMP10 mice were randomly assigned to the control and the ET (45\u2009min\/time, 3\/week) groups for 4\u2009months. Mice that were maintained in a sedentary condition served controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ET ameliorated aging\u2010related muscle changes in microstructure, mitochondria, and performance. The amounts of proteins or mRNAs for p\u2010AMPK\u03b1, p\u2010Akt, p\u2010ERK1\/2, p\u2010mTOR, Bcl\u2010XL, p\u2010FoxO3, peroxisome proliferators\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b3 coactivator, adiponectin receptor1 (adpoR1), and cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase\u2010IV, and the numbers of CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/integrin\u2010\u03b1<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and proliferating cells in the muscles and bone\u2010marrow were enhanced by ET, whereas the levels of p\u2010GSK\u20103\u03b1 and gp91phox proteins and apoptotic cells were reduced by ET. The ET also resulted in increased levels of plasma adiponectin and the numbers of bone\u2010marrow (BM)\u2010derived circulating CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/integrin\u2010\u03b1<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MuSCs and their functions. Integrin\u2010\u03b1<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MuSCs of exercised mice had improved changes of those beneficial molecules. These ET\u2010mediated aged muscle benefits were diminished by adiponectin and AdipoR1 blocking as well as AMPK inhibition. Finally, recombinant mouse adiponectin enhanced AMPK and mTOR phosphorylations in BM\u2010derived integrin\u2010\u03b1<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that ET can improve aging\u2010related impairments of BM\u2010derived MuSC regenerative capacity and muscle metabolic alterations via an AMPK\u2010dependent mechanism that is mediated by an adiponectin\/AdipoR1 axis in SAMP10 mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T10:28:01Z","timestamp":1480415281000},"page":"370-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Exercise restores muscle stem cell mobilization, regenerative capacity and muscle metabolic alterations via adiponectin\/AdipoR1 activation in SAMP10 mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Aiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Healthcare &amp; Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya 466\u20108550 Aichiken Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian Wu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Healthcare &amp; Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya 466\u20108550 Aichiken Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya 466\u20108550 Aichiken Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and ICU Yanbian University Hospital  Yanjin 133000 Jilin PR. 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