{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:13:58Z","timestamp":1788797638194,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,26]],"date-time":"2016-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A\u2010135541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A\u2010135541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cancer\u2010anorexia\u2010cachexia syndrome (CACS) negatively affects survival and therapy success in cancer patients. Inflammatory mediators and tumour\u2010derived factors are thought to play an important role in the aetiology of CACS. However, the central and peripheral mechanisms contributing to CACS are insufficiently understood. The area postrema (AP) and the nucleus tractus solitarii are two important brainstem centres for the control of eating during acute sickness conditions. Recently, the tumour\u2010derived macrophage inhibitory cytokine\u20101 (MIC\u20101) emerged as a possible mediator of cancer anorexia because lesions of these brainstem areas attenuated the anorectic effect of exogenous MIC\u20101 in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a rat hepatoma tumour model, we examined the roles of the AP and of vagal afferents in the mediation of CACS. Specifically, we investigated whether a lesion of the AP (APX) or subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) attenuate anorexia, body weight, muscle, and fat loss. Moreover, we analysed MIC\u20101 levels in this tumour model and their correlation with tumour size and the severity of the anorectic response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In tumour\u2010bearing sham\u2010operated animals mean daily food intake significantly decreased. The anorectic response was paralleled by a significant loss of body weight and muscle mass. APX rats were protected against anorexia, body weight loss, and muscle atrophy after tumour induction. In contrast, subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation did not attenuate cancer\u2010induced anorexia or body weight loss. Tumour\u2010bearing rats had substantially increased MIC\u20101 levels, which positively correlated with tumour size and cancer progression and negatively correlated with food intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings demonstrate the importance of the AP in the mediation of cancer\u2010dependent anorexia and body weight loss and support a pathological role of MIC\u20101 as a tumour\u2010derived factor mediating CACS, possibly via an AP\u2010dependent action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T04:03:08Z","timestamp":1482811388000},"page":"417-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Anorexia\u2010cachexia syndrome in hepatoma tumour\u2010bearing rats requires the area postrema but not vagal afferents and is paralleled by increased 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