{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:17:47Z","timestamp":1790749067832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000341","name":"Arthritis Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ageing is associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and increased fall risk, all of which contribute to increased fracture risk. Mechanically, bone strength adapts in response to forces created by muscle contractions. Adaptations can be through changes in bone size, geometry, and bending strength. Muscle mass is often used as a surrogate for muscle force; however, force can be increased without changes in muscle mass. Increased fall risk with ageing has been associated with a decline in muscle power\u2014which is a measure of mobility. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to investigate the relationship between muscle parameters in the upper and lower limbs with age in UK men and the influence of ethnicity on these relationships; (ii) to examine the relationships between jump force\/grip strength\/cross\u2010sectional muscle area (CSMA) with bone outcomes at the radius and tibia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White European, Black Afro\u2010Caribbean, and South Asian men aged 40\u201379\u00a0years were recruited from Manchester, UK. Cortical bone mineral content, cross\u2010sectional area, cortical area, cross\u2010sectional moment of inertia, and CSMA were measured at the diaphysis of the radius and tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Lower limb jump force and power were measured from a single two\u2010legged jump performed on a ground\u2010reaction force platform. Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Associations between muscle and bone outcomes was determined using linear regression with adjustments for age, height, weight, and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hundred and one men were recruited. Jump force was negatively associated with age; for every 10\u00a0year increase in age, there was a 4% reduction in jump force (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). There was a significant age\u2013ethnicity interaction for jump power (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.039); after adjustments, this was attenuated (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.088). For every 10\u00a0year increase in age, grip strength decreased by 11%. Jump force was positively associated with tibial bone outcomes: a 1 standard deviation greater jump force was associated with significantly higher cortical bone mineral content 3.1%, cross\u2010sectional area 4.2%, cortical area 3.4%, and cross\u2010sectional moment of inertia 6.8% (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Cross\u2010sectional muscle area of the lower leg was not associated with tibial bone outcomes. Both grip strength and CSMA of the arm were positively associated, to a similar extent, with radius diaphyseal bone outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jump force and power are negatively associated with age in UK men. In the lower limb, the measurement of jump force is more strongly related to bone outcomes than CSMA. It is important to consider jump force and power when understanding the aetiology of bone loss and mobility in ageing men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T00:46:44Z","timestamp":1493945204000},"page":"598-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Associations of muscle force, power, cross\u2010sectional muscle area and bone geometry in older UK men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6428-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse","family":"Zengin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Bone Health, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research  Fulbourn Rd CB1 9NL Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Pye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester  Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester  Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC) Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester  Oxford Road Manchester M13 9WL UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Rawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novotec Medical GmbH  Durlacher Str. 35 Pforzheim 75172 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick C.W.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Research Unit, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC) The University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Old St Mary's Building, Hathersage Road Manchester M13 9WL United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence W.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester  Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK"},{"name":"NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre  Grafton Street Manchester M13 9WL UK"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Stott Lane Salford M6 8HD UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Bone Health, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research  Fulbourn Rd CB1 9NL Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton  Tremona 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