{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:58:17Z","timestamp":1791845897801,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,10]],"date-time":"2017-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cachectic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may benefit from nutritional support. This double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of targeted medical nutrition (TMN) vs. an isocaloric comparator in pre\u2010cachectic and cachectic patients with COPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients aged \u226550\u00a0years with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe COPD and involuntary weight loss or low body mass index (16\u201318\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were randomized 1:1 to receive TMN (~230\u00a0kcal; 2\u00a0g omega\u20103 fatty acids; 10\u00a0\u03bcg 25\u2010hydroxy\u2010vitamin D3) or isocaloric comparator twice daily for 12\u00a0weeks (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> Identifier: NCT02442908). Primary safety endpoints comprised adverse events and changes in vital signs, laboratory parameters, and concomitant medications. Secondary efficacy endpoints included changes in weight, body composition, exercise tolerance, metabolic biomarkers, and systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five patients were randomized to receive TMN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022; mean 69.2\u00a0years) or isocaloric comparator (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023; mean 69.7\u00a0years). TMN was well tolerated. Adverse events were similar in number and type in both groups. Compliance to both products was good (TMN, 79%; comparator, 77%). Both groups gained weight, but the TMN group gained comparatively more fat mass (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0013). Reductions in systolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0418) and secondary endpoints of triglycerides (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0217) and exercise\u2010induced fatigue (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0223) and dyspnoea (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0382), and increases in high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0254), were observed in the TMN vs. the comparator group by week 12.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeted medical nutrition containing high\u2010dose omega\u20103 fatty acids, vitamin D, and high\u2010quality protein is well tolerated with a good safety profile and has positive effects on blood pressure and blood lipids and on exercise\u2010induced fatigue and dyspnoea. Therefore, this TMN could be clinically beneficial in the nutritional and metabolic support of pre\u2010cachectic and cachectic patients with COPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T02:36:35Z","timestamp":1505097395000},"page":"28-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Targeted medical nutrition for cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Calder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton  Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton UK"},{"name":"NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton  Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Laviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Lonnqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and the Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Muscaritoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"\u00d6hlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smartfish AS  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemie","family":"Schols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht 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