{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T13:14:22Z","timestamp":1792329262933,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With aging, the ability to generate muscle force decreases, contributing to declines in physical functions such as walking. While most studies assess muscle force by peak torque, the rate of torque development (RTD) reflects a dynamic component of muscle performance that is important for physical function. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we assessed whether RTD adds significantly to peak torque in associations with lower extremity performance. If so, RTD may help identify weak older adults for screening and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed associations of RTD and peak torque with physical performance independent of demographics, BMI, body composition, and each other in 1089 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (49.7% women; aged 26 to 96\u00a0years; women, 64.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.8\u00a0years; men, 68.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.4\u00a0years). Peak torque was assessed by isometric and 30\u00a0deg\/s isokinetic knee extension tests. Peak RTD was operationalized as the maximum torque\u2010time slope among successive 50\u00a0ms epochs over the first 3\u00a0s of a test of knee extension isometric strength, with the knee joint positioned at 120\u00a0deg of flexion. A battery of lower extremity performance tests included gait speed during a 6\u00a0m walk at usual and fast pace (6\u00a0m usual and fast), time to complete a 400\u00a0m walk at fast pace (400\u00a0m), distance covered in a 2.5\u00a0min walk at normal pace (2.5\u00a0min), time to complete 5 and 10 chair stands, and two summary tests of lower extremity performance. Sex\u2010stratified generalized linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, BMI, appendicular lean mass, and whole body fat mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In men, independent of either measure of peak torque and cofactors, RTD was a significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) predictor of all lower extremity performance tests except the 400\u00a0m and 2.5\u00a0min walks. In women, independent of peak torque, RTD was only a significant independent correlate of the 6\u00a0m fast walk (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RTD independently contributes to physical functions in men but less in women. The mechanisms underlying the sex difference are unclear and require further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T05:22:24Z","timestamp":1521782544000},"page":"530-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Knee extension rate of torque development and peak torque: associations with lower extremity function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Osawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Studenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health  Baltimore MD 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