{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:20:11Z","timestamp":1790058011253,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG040583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG040583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AG000183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG000183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3P30CA125123\u201008S2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3P30CA125123\u201008S2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the brain mechanisms underlying cancer\u2010associated weight loss (C\u2010WL) in humans despite this condition negatively affecting their quality of life and survival. We tested the hypothesis that patients with C\u2010WL have abnormal connectivity in homeostatic and hedonic brain pathways together with altered brain activity during food reward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 12 patients with cancer and 12 healthy controls, resting\u2010state functional connectivity (RSFC, resting brain activity observed through changes in <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cerebral_blood_flow\">blood flow<\/jats:ext-link> in the brain which creates a <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood-oxygen-level_dependent\">blood oxygen level\u2010dependent<\/jats:ext-link> signal that can be measured using <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging\">functional magnetic resonance imaging<\/jats:ext-link>) was used to compare three brain regions hypothesized to play a role in C\u2010WL: the hypothalamus (homeostatic), the nucleus accumbens (hedonic), and the habenula (an important regulator of reward). In addition, the brain reward response to juice was studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Participants included 12 patients with histological diagnosis of incurable cancer (solid tumours), a European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0\u20132, and a \u22655% involuntary body weight loss from pre\u2010illness over the previous 6\u00a0months and 12 non\u2010cancer controls matched for age, sex, and race. RSFC between the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and habenula and brain striatum activity as measured by functional MRI during juice reward delivery events were the main outcome measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for BMI and compared with matched controls, patients with C\u2010WL were found to have reduced RSFC between the habenula and hypothalamus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and between the habenula and nucleus accumbens (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014). Patients with C\u2010WL also had reduced juice reward responses in the striatum compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with C\u2010WL, reduced connectivity between both homeostatic and hedonic brain regions and the habenula and reduced juice reward were observed. Further research is needed to establish the relevance of the habenula and striatum in C\u2010WL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T16:53:56Z","timestamp":1521996836000},"page":"497-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The habenula as a novel link between the homeostatic and hedonic pathways in cancer\u2010associated weight loss: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MCL, Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Michael E. 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DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humsini","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylah","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MCL, Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dept. of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa G.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology and Hematology, MCL, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dept. of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX 77030 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Marcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MCL, Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Michael E. 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