{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:12:50Z","timestamp":1791825170029,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 CA175011-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA175011-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Co\u2010morbidities and computerized tomography\u2010measured muscle abnormalities are both common in cancer patients and independently adversely influence clinical outcomes. Muscle abnormalities are also evident in other diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. This study examined for the first time the association between co\u2010morbidities and muscle abnormalities in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 3051 non\u2010metastatic patients with Stages I\u2013III CRC. Muscle abnormalities, measured at diagnosis, were defined as low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) or low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) quantified using computerized tomography images using optimal stratification. Co\u2010morbidities included in the Charlson index were ascertained. \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>tests were used to compare the prevalence of co\u2010morbidities by the presence or absence of each muscle abnormality. Logistic regressions were performed to evaluate which co\u2010morbidities predicted muscle abnormalities adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, weight change, cancer stage, cancer site, race\/ethnicity, and smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age was 63 years; 50% of patients were male. The prevalence of low SMI and low SMD were 43.1% and 30.2%, respectively. Co\u2010morbidities examined were more prevalent in patients with low SMD than in those with normal SMD, and most remained independent predictors of low SMD after adjustment for covariates. Co\u2010morbidities associated with higher odds of low SMD included myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a01.77,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023], congestive heart failure (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.27,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), peripheral vascular disease (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.15,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), diabetes with or without complications (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.61,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008; OR\u00a0=\u00a01.46,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003, respectively), and renal disease (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.21,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). By contrast, only diabetes with complications was associated with lower odds of low SMI (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.64,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of muscle abnormalities was high in patients with non\u2010metastatic CRC. Pre\u2010existing co\u2010morbidities were associated with low SMD, suggestive of a potential shared mechanism between fat infiltration into muscle and each of these co\u2010morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T05:11:35Z","timestamp":1524201095000},"page":"654-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Associations of pre\u2010existing co\u2010morbidities with skeletal muscle mass and radiodensity in patients with non\u2010metastatic colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jingjie","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette J.","family":"Caan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Weltzien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Cespedes Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candyce H.","family":"Kroenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Meyerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie E.","family":"Baracos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn L.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne L.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla M.","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(99)00221-X","article-title":"Comorbidity and colorectal cancer according to subsite and stage","volume":"36","author":"De Marco MF","year":"2000","journal-title":"a population\u2010based study. 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