{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:56:45Z","timestamp":1787237805199,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK099442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK099442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S10OD016201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD016201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AG000057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AG000057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Building both strength and endurance has been a challenge in exercise training in the elderly, but dietary supplements hold promise as agents for improving muscle adaptation. Here, we test a formulation of natural products (AX: astaxanthin, 12\u00a0mg and tocotrienol, 10\u00a0mg and zinc, 6\u00a0mg) with both anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant properties in combination with exercise. We conducted a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study of elderly subjects (65\u201382\u00a0years) on a daily oral dose with interval walking exercise on an incline treadmill.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010two subjects were fed AX or placebo for 4\u00a0months and trained 3\u00a0months (3\u00d7\/week for 40\u201360\u00a0min) with increasing intervals of incline walking. Strength was measured as maximal voluntary force (MVC) in ankle dorsiflexion exercise, and tibialis anterior muscle size (cross\u2010sectional area, CSA) was determined from magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Greater endurance (exercise time in incline walking, &gt;50%) and distance in 6\u00a0min walk (&gt;8%) accompanied training in both treatments. Increases in MVC by 14.4% (\u00b16.2%, mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SEM,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.02, paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test), CSA by 2.7% (\u00b11.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), and specific force by 11.6% (MVC\/CSA, \u00b16.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.05) were found with AX treatment, but no change was evident in these properties with placebo treatment (MVC, 2.9%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.6%; CSA, 0.6%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2%; MVC\/CSA, 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.6 for all).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AX formulation improved muscle strength and CSA in healthy elderly in addition to the elevation in endurance and walking distance found with exercise training alone. Thus, the AX formulation in combination with a functional training programme uniquely improved muscle strength, endurance, and mobility in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:13:13Z","timestamp":1538007193000},"page":"826-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sophia Z.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir S.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Kilroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric G.","family":"Shankland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baback","family":"Roshanravan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Marcinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Washington  Seattle WA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2843-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Washington  Seattle WA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Washington  Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-016-9592-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.069633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000233795.39282.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00611.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.7.1800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-013-1044-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-7-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6125819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with Astaxanthin\u2010rich algal meal improves strength and endurance\u2014a double blind placebo\u2010controlled study on male students","volume":"13","author":"Malmsten CL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carotenoid Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328337819e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opinion of the scientific panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed on the request from the European commission on the safety of using coloring agents in animal nutrition. 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