{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:05:18Z","timestamp":1789193118621,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rapidly rising ageing population in low and middle\u2010income countries (LMIC) will lead to a concurrent increase in musculoskeletal diseases. Sarcopenia is a disease caused by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to adverse outcomes including frailty, falls, fractures, and premature mortality. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia, assessed the suitability of current diagnostic guidelines and explored muscle\u2013bone relationships in ageing men and women from rural Gambia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 249 women and 239 men aged 40\u201375+\u00a0years were recruited. Body composition was measured using dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry. Comparisons of the Foundations for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and European Working Group On Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) definitions of sarcopenia to define prevalence and to identify poor physical capability were determined. Functional ability was assessed by jumping mechanography to calculate lower limb muscle force and power; grip strength was assessed by a hand dynamometer. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to assess muscle\u2013bone relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of sarcopenia in Gambian men and women significantly varied depending on the definition used; in men 20% and 19% and in women 45% and 10% for FNIH and EWGSOP, respectively. The FNIH appendicular lean mass cut\u2010off had greatest sensitivity and specificity in identifying low functional ability in Gambian adults. Muscle force was positively associated with measures of tibial bone size, strength, and mineral content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia depends on the definition used and highlights the importance of measuring functional capability across ethnic populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T04:05:15Z","timestamp":1537157115000},"page":"920-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The prevalence of sarcopenia and relationships between muscle and bone in ageing West\u2010African Gambian men and women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6428-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse","family":"Zengin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University, Monash Medical Centre  Clayton VIC Australia"},{"name":"MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landing M.","family":"Jarjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit The Gambia  Keneba The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0254-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"MRC Unit The Gambia  Keneba The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3510-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrus","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University, Monash Medical Centre  Clayton VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton  Southampton 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