{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:38:49Z","timestamp":1791070729649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite several muscle mass measures being used in the current definitions of sarcopenia, their usefulness is uncertain because of limited data on their association with health outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of different muscle mass measures for predicting incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included data from 149\u00a0166 participants (aged 60.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.5\u00a0years) as part of the UK Biobank cohort. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. The muscle mass measures included were total body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and appendicular SMM (aSMM) divided by height squared (ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), derived residuals, SMM, SMM adjusted for body mass (SMM\/bm\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100), and aSMM normalized for body mass index (aSMM\/BMI). Diagnoses of the events were confirmed by primary care physicians and coded according to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD\u201010: M80\u2010M82).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a median follow\u2010up of 6.75 (5th to 95th percentile interval, 1.53 to 8.37) years, 394 newly diagnosed cases of osteoporosis occurred, with 40 (10.2%) cases being associated with a pathological fracture. SMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, aSMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> residual, and SMM were lower in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with women without (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), while SMM\/bm\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003), but not aSMM\/BMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.59), was higher in the osteoporosis group. The unadjusted rates of osteoporosis increased with decreasing quintiles for SMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, aSMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, residuals, and SMM (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> trend &lt;0.0001), while the incidence of osteoporosis increased with increasing SMM\/bm\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> trend =0.001), but not for aSMM\/BMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.45). After minimally adjusting for age and after full adjustment, SMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, aSMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and SMM were the only measure that consistently predicted osteoporosis in the total group of postmenopausal women [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65\u20130.67, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001], in lean women (HR 0.62\u20130.68; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.001), and women with increased adiposity (HR 0.64\u20130.68; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01). In fully adjusted models, the changes in the <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic were 13.4%, 11.6%, and 15.3% for the SMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (aSMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), residual, and SMM, but only 4.9% and 1.3% for SMM\/bm\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100 and aSMM\/BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle mass measures adjusted for height only (SMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, aSMM\/ht<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) appear to be better muscle\u2010relevant risk factors for incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, including when stratified into lean participants and participants with increased adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T04:04:38Z","timestamp":1541477078000},"page":"131-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Muscle mass measures and incident osteoporosis in a large cohort of postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Hull York Medical School, University of Hull  Hull UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science Anglia Ruskin University  Chelmsford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thozhukat","family":"Sathyapalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Hull York Medical School, University of Hull  Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolph","family":"Schutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science Anglia Ruskin University  Chelmsford UK"},{"name":"Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) North\u2010West University  Potchefstroom South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease North\u2010West University  Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2074-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1900-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2008.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3241-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000022158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279400020341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.2.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.3.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical status: the use and interperation of anthropometry. 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