{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:38:23Z","timestamp":1764700703922,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council\/Primary Health Care Research Evaluation and Development Program Career Development Fellowship"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of vitamin D supplementation on postural muscles of the trunk is of particular interest because low 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels are associated with decreased postural balance and increased risk of falls. Understanding the role of vitamin D supplementation plays in trunk muscle function of older adults is necessary, as this is a potentially modifiable factor to improve postural muscle function and decrease the risk of falling of older adults. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of 12\u00a0months of vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo, on morphology and function of the trunk muscles of adults aged 50 to 79\u00a0years with low serum 25(OH) D levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, and double\u2010blind clinical trial conducted between June 2010 and December 2013 in Tasmania, Australia. The clinical trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand clinical trial registration agency, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01176344; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN 12610000495022. Participants were aged 50\u201379\u00a0years with ongoing symptoms of knee osteoarthritis and with low serum [25(OH) D] (12.5 to 60\u00a0nmol\/L, 5.2 to 24\u00a0ng\/mL). Participants were randomly assigned to either monthly 50\u00a0000\u00a0IU oral vitamin D3 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0104) or an identical placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0113) for 24\u00a0months as per clinical trial protocol. The primary outcomes in this pre\u2010specified secondary analysis were between\u2010group differences in change in size of rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and lumbar multifidus muscles and function (assessed by change in thickness on contraction) of these muscles (excepting rectus abdominis) from baseline to 12\u00a0months. Muscle size was assessed using ultrasound imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 217 participants (mean age 63\u00a0years, 48% women), 186 (85.7%) completed the study. There were no significant between\u2010group differences in change in size or function of the abdominal or multifidus muscles after 12\u00a0months of vitamin D supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A monthly dose of 50\u00a0000\u00a0IU of vitamin D3 alone for 12\u00a0months does not affect the size or ability to contract trunk muscles of independent community\u2010dwelling older adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and low serum 25(OH) D levels regardless of body mass index status or degree of vitamin D deficiency. An effect of vitamin D supplementation on other aspects of trunk muscle function such as strength, power, or physical function cannot be ruled out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T13:32:48Z","timestamp":1545226368000},"page":"177-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitamin D supplements for trunk muscle morphology in older adults: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William A.","family":"Cuellar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tasmania  Hobart 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