{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:58:48Z","timestamp":1791820728142,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chemotherapy is an effective treatment with good clinical response in patients with cancer. However, it can cause exacerbated toxicities in patients and consequently change the course of treatment. Some factors may interfere with this toxicity such as body composition, especially in gastrointestinal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body composition, nutritional status, and functional capacity scale in predicting the occurrence of toxicities in gastrointestinal cancer patients during chemotherapy treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a prospective study with gastrointestinal cancer patients at the beginning of chemotherapy treatment. Sarcopenia and muscle attenuation were assessed using the skeletal muscle index from computerized tomography by measuring cross\u2010sectional areas of the L3 tissue (cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Cachexia was graded according to involuntary weight loss associated with sarcopenia. Nutritional status was assessed by using anthropometric evaluation and Patient\u2010Generated Subjective Global Assessment. Functional capacity was evaluated by handgrip strength and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status scale. Haematological gastrointestinal and dose\u2010limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. The associations among sarcopenia, cachexia, nutritional status, and functional capacity with DLT were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 60 patients were evaluated (55% male, 60.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.0\u00a0years) and followed up for a mean of 55\u00a0days. Most patients had normal weight (44.2%) and good ECOG Performance Status (\u22641) at baseline (78%). During the chemotherapy period, the most prevalent toxicities were diarrhoea, nausea, and anorexia, but the presence of DLT was similar between cycles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Cachexia was associated with a higher toxicity manifested by diarrhoea (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), nausea (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), and anorexia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03 at Cycles 1 and 2, respectively). Sarcopenic and cachetic individuals experienced more toxicities and DLT during chemotherapy. The only factors associated with DLT in the multivariate Cox regression analyses including the presence of metastasis and the chemotherapy protocol were cachexia and the ECOG scale (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for both).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cachexia and ECOG score may identify patients with an increased risk for developing severe toxicity events during chemotherapy treatment for gastrointestinal cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T04:09:57Z","timestamp":1553832597000},"page":"445-454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Is cachexia associated with chemotherapy toxicities in gastrointestinal cancer patients? A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ilanna Marques Gomes","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte  Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Marcadenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HCor Institute of Research, Coracao Hospital  S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology Institute of Cardiology\/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC\/FUC)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galtieri Ot\u00e1vio Cunha","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Onofre Lopes University Hospital  Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Andrade","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Physical Education, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte  Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Florinda de Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte  Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas  Pelotas RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Trussardi","family":"Fayh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte  Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cancer\u2010associated cachexia","volume":"4","author":"Baracos VE","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Brazilian Ministry of Health National Institute of Cancer Jos\u00e9 Alencar Gomes da Silva.Estimate 2018\u2010incidence of cancer in Brazil.2017;130."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.1894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5230\/jgc.2017.17.e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"3053","article-title":"Clinical assessment of sarcopenia and changes in body composition during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer","volume":"37","author":"Miyata H","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-017-3487-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-3067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2418-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2014.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511500419X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2016.016832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Sarcopenia during neoadjuvant therapy for oesophageal cancer: characterising the impact on muscle strength and physical performance","volume":"26","author":"Guinan EM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"WHO.Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. 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