{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:17:28Z","timestamp":1791238648443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000040","name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12\u00a0weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (&lt;1.0\u00a0g\/kg\/day).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized double\u2010blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67\u201373) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4\u00a0day walking event of 30, 40, or 50\u00a0km\/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31\u00a0g of milk protein or iso\u2010caloric placebo supplementation for 12\u00a0weeks. Body composition (dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up\u2010and\u2010Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (\u00c5strand\u2013Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12\u00a0weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (\u22060.93\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.22% vs. \u22060.44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.40%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Interaction<\/jats:sub>\u00a0<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (\u2206\u22120.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.22\u00a0kg vs. \u2206\u22120.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.28\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Interaction<\/jats:sub>\u00a0<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.013 and \u2206\u22120.92\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19% vs. \u2206\u22120.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.36%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Interaction<\/jats:sub>\u00a0<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair\u2010rise ability, Timed Up\u2010and\u2010Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but no between\u2010group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Interaction<\/jats:sub>\u00a0<jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001). No between\u2010group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12\u00a0weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T07:06:52Z","timestamp":1552028812000},"page":"298-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5095-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique S.M.","family":"ten Haaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  P.O. Box 9101 Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0747-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thijs M.H.","family":"Eijsvogels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  P.O. Box 9101 Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coen C.W.G.","family":"Bongers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  P.O. Box 9101 Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4866-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid M.H.","family":"Horstman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FrieslandCampina  Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvie","family":"Timmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Radboud University Medical Center  P.O. 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