{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:07:48Z","timestamp":1790705268548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["022.003.011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["022.003.011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Living tissues maintain a fine balance between protein synthesis and protein breakdown rates. Animal studies indicate that protein synthesis rates are higher in organs when compared with skeletal muscle tissue. As such, organ and tumour protein synthesis could have major effects on whole\u2010body protein metabolism in wasting disorders such as cancer cachexia. We aimed to assess protein synthesis rates in pancreatic tumour tissue and healthy pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In eight patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, primed continuous infusions with L\u2010[ring\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>]phenylalanine and L\u2010[3,5\u2010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>]tyrosine were started prior to surgery and continued throughout the surgical procedures. During surgery, plasma samples and biopsies from the pancreas, pancreatic tumour, liver, and <jats:italic>vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic> muscle were taken. Post\u2010absorptive fractional protein synthesis rates were determined by measuring incorporation of labelled L\u2010[ring\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>]phenylalanine in tissue protein using the weighed plasma L\u2010[ring\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>]phenylalanine enrichments as the precursor pool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five male patients and three female patients with a mean age of 67\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 years were included into this study. Plasma L\u2010[ring\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>]phenylalanine enrichments (6\u20139 mole per cent excess) did not change during surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.60). Pancreatic tumour protein synthesis rates were 2.6\u2010fold lower than surrounding pancreatic tissue protein synthesis rates (0.268\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.053 vs. 0.694\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.228%\/h, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028) and 1.7\u2010fold lower than liver protein synthesis rates (0.268\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.053 vs. 0.448\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.043%\/h, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.046). Among healthy organ samples, protein synthesis rates were 20\u2010fold and 13\u2010fold higher in pancreas and liver, respectively, compared with skeletal muscle tissue (0.694\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.228 and 0.448\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.043 vs. 0.035\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.005%\/h, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver and pancreas tissue protein synthesis rates are higher when compared with pancreatic tumour and skeletal muscle tissue protein synthesis rates and can, therefore, strongly impact whole\u2010body protein metabolism <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T04:11:56Z","timestamp":1552536716000},"page":"549-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Tumour\u2010specific and organ\u2010specific protein synthesis rates in patients with pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"David P.J.","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid M.H.","family":"Horstman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joey S.J.","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"den Dulk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery RWTH University Hospital Aachen  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike I.","family":"Grabsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pathology and Data Analytics, School of Medicine University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis H.C.","family":"Dejong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery RWTH University Hospital Aachen  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander S.","family":"Rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.M.","family":"Olde Damink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery RWTH University Hospital Aachen  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc J.C.","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1984.sp002829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517509095787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00125.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665199001305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1554","article-title":"Alterations in whole body, muscle, liver, and tumor tissue protein synthesis and degradation in Novikoff hepatoma and Yoshida sarcoma tumor growth studied in vivo","volume":"48","author":"Tayek JA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer 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