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Muscle wasting is often accompanied by an increase in body fat, leading to \u2018sarcopenic obesity\u2019. The aim of the present study was to analyse the association of lifestyle variables such as diet, dietary components, physical activity (PA), body composition, and inflammatory markers, with the risk of sarcopenic obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional analysis based on baseline data from the PREDIMED\u2010Plus study was performed. A total of 1535 participants (48% women) with overweight\/obesity (body mass index: 32.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.3\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; age: 65.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.9\u00a0years old) and metabolic syndrome were categorized according to sex\u2010specific tertiles (T) of the sarcopenic index (SI) as assessed by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry scanning. Anthropometrical measurements, biochemical markers, dietary intake, and PA information were collected. Linear regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects in the first SI tertile were older, less physically active, showed higher frequency of abdominal obesity and diabetes, and consumed higher saturated fat and less vitamin C than subjects from the other two tertiles (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Multiple adjusted linear regression models evidenced significant positive associations across tertiles of SI with adherence to the Mediterranean dietary score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), PA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), and the 30\u00a0s chair stand test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), whereas significant negative associations were found with an inadequate vitamin C consumption (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), visceral fat and leucocyte count (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), and some white cell subtypes (neutrophils and monocytes), neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio, and platelet count (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). When models were additionally adjusted by potential mediators (inflammatory markers, diabetes, and waist circumference), no relevant changes were observed, only dietary variables lost significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diet and PA are important regulatory mediators of systemic inflammation, which is directly involved in the sarcopenic process. A healthy dietary pattern combined with exercise is a promising strategy to limit age\u2010related sarcopenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1559191444000},"page":"974-984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Association of lifestyle factors and inflammation with sarcopenic obesity: data from the PREDIMED\u2010Plus trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Itziar","family":"Abete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research University of Navarra (UNAV)  Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra)  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-1338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Konieczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa) University Hospital Son Espases  Palma de Mallorca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3926-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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