{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:55Z","timestamp":1786977955671,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A poor fat\u2010soluble micronutrient (FMN) and a high oxidative stress status are associated with frailty. Our aim was to determine the cross\u2010sectional association of FMNs and oxidative stress biomarkers [protein carbonyls (PrCarb) and 3\u2010nitrotyrosine] with the frailty status in participants older than 65 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plasma levels of vitamins A (retinol), D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , E (\u03b1\u2010tocopherol and \u03b3\u2010tocopherol) and carotenoids (\u03b1\u2010carotene and \u03b2\u2010carotene, lycopene, lutein\/zeaxanthin, and \u03b2\u2010cryptoxanthin), PrCarb, and 3\u2010nitrotyrosine were measured in 1450 individuals of the FRAILOMIC initiative. Participants were classified into robust, pre\u2010frail, and frail using Fried's frailty criteria. Associations between biomarkers and frailty status were assessed by general linear and logistic regression models, both adjusted for cohort, season of blood sampling, gender, age, height, weight, and smoking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Robust participants had significantly higher vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      and lutein\/zeaxanthin concentrations than pre\u2010frail and frail subjects; had significantly higher \u03b3\u2010tocopherol, \u03b1\u2010carotene, \u03b2\u2010carotene, lycopene, and \u03b2\u2010cryptoxanthin concentrations than frail subjects, and had significantly lower PrCarb concentrations than frail participants in multivariate linear models. Frail subjects were more likely to be in the lowest than in the highest tertile for vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      (adjusted odds ratio: 2.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.42\u20133.26), \u03b1\u2010tocopherol (2.12; 1.39\u20133.24), \u03b1\u2010carotene (1.69; 1.00\u20132.88), \u03b2\u2010carotene (1.84; 1.13\u20132.99), lycopene (1.94; 1.24\u20133.05), lutein\/zeaxanthin (3.60; 2.34\u20135.53), and \u03b2\u2010cryptoxanthin (3.02; 1.95\u20134.69) and were more likely to be in the highest than in the lowest tertile for PrCarb (2.86; 1.82\u20134.49) than robust subjects in multivariate regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study indicates that both low FMN and high PrCarb concentrations are associated with pre\u2010frailty and frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  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