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Older adults who are dependent in ADLs and IADLs are also more likely to have poor muscle measures defined as low muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, which further limit their ability to perform activities. The aim of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was to determine if muscle measures are predictive of ADL and IADL in older populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted using four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL) from date of inception to 7 June 2018. Longitudinal cohorts were included that reported baseline muscle measures defined by muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in conjunction with prospective ADL or IADL in participants aged 65\u00a0years and older at follow\u2010up. Meta\u2010analyses were conducted using a random effect model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 7760 articles screened, 83 articles were included for the systematic review and involved a total of 108\u00a0428 (54.8% female) participants with a follow\u2010up duration ranging from 11\u00a0days to 25\u00a0years. Low muscle mass was positively associated with ADL dependency in 5\/9 articles and 5\/5 for IADL dependency. Low muscle strength was associated with ADL dependency in 22\/34 articles and IADL dependency in 8\/9 articles. Low physical performance was associated with ADL dependency in 37\/49 articles and with IADL dependency in 9\/11 articles. Forty\u2010five articles were pooled into the meta\u2010analyses, 36 reported ADL, 11 reported IADL, and 2 reported ADL and IADL as a composite outcome. Low muscle mass was associated with worsening ADL (pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.19 (1.29\u20137.92)) and worsening IADL (1.28 (1.02\u20131.61)). Low handgrip strength was associated with both worsening ADL and IADL (1.51 (1.34\u20131.70); 1.59 (1.04\u20132.31) respectively). Low scores on the short physical performance battery and gait speed were associated with worsening ADL (3.49 (2.47\u20134.92); 2.33 (1.58\u20133.44) respectively) and IADL (3.09 (1.06\u20138.98); 1.93 (1.69\u20132.21) respectively). Low one leg balance (2.74 (1.31\u20135.72)), timed up and go (3.41 (1.86\u20136.28)), and chair stand test time (1.90 (1.63\u20132.21)) were associated with worsening ADL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Muscle measures at baseline are predictors of future ADL and IADL dependence in the older adult population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T15:49:45Z","timestamp":1575301785000},"page":"3-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":601,"title":["Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniel X.M.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasar","family":"Zirek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmee M.","family":"Reijnierse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7206-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea B.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00370-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"The relationship between sarcopenia, undernutrition, physical mobility and basic activities of daily living in a group of elderly women of Mexico City","volume":"28","author":"Velazquez Alva Mdel C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutricion hospitalaria."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2340\/165019779123193202","article-title":"Assessment of activities of daily living in the elderly. 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