{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:35:03Z","timestamp":1792017303156,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sarcopenia is a disease associated with aging and a negative prognosis. Consensus\u2010based treatment consists in targeting muscle mass and function through physical exercise, optimization of protein intake, and vitamin D supplementation, but evidence is lacking. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a muscle\u2010targeted nutritional support on the outcome of a physical exercise rehabilitation programme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a single\u2010site, double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled trial (NCT03120026; May 2017 to December 2018), old (\u226565 years) adults [<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 140 (63% female patients; age, 81 \u00b1 6 years)] without severe cognitive impairment, who were found to have sarcopenia by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2010 criteria and hospitalized for physical rehabilitation, were randomized to receive until discharge (for at least 4 weeks and up to 8 weeks) a whey protein\u2010based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D or an iso\u2010caloric control formula twice daily in addition to a standard hospital diet. The primary endpoint was the change in 4 m gait speed per month. Key secondary endpoints addressed the change in physical performance: chair\u2010stand test, timed up and go test, and short physical performance battery. Other secondary outcomes were the change in functional status, muscle strength and mass, cognitive status, and quality of life. The proportion of patients who improved their rehabilitation intensity profile and overall economic benefits (using length of stay and duration of rehabilitation as surrogate measures) were also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 161 patients were screened and 140 were randomized to study interventions. Thirteen patients (experimental, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6; placebo, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) discontinued the intervention because they disliked the product and intention\u2010to\u2010treat analyses were based on patients reassessed at discharge [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 127 (66% female patients; age, 81 \u00b1 6 years)]. Supplementation with the experimental formula (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 64) resulted in greater increase in mean gait speed {0.061 m\/s\/month [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.043 to 0.080]} than placebo [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 63; \u22120.001 m\/s\/month (95%CI, \u22120.008 to 0.006)]: mean difference, 0.063 m\/s\/month (95%CI, 0.043 to 0.082) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). A significant effect was also found for muscle mass (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.03) and all key secondary outcomes, functional and cognitive endpoints (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for all). Supplementation resulted also in higher proportion of patients improving their rehabilitation intensity profile (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and being discharged home (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002); shorter rehabilitation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001); and hospital stay (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In old adults with sarcopenia admitted to hospital for rehabilitation the consumption of a whey protein\u2010based nutritional formula enriched with leucine and vitamin D improved physical performance and function, as well as muscle mass, and reduced the intensity and costs of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:43:51Z","timestamp":1600821831000},"page":"1535-1547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Improving rehabilitation in sarcopenia: a randomized\u2010controlled trial utilizing a muscle\u2010targeted food for special medical purposes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Rondanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Mondino Foundation  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Klersy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Service Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena Anna","family":"Faliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Nichetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Gasparri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Iannello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Spadaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Infantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda di Servizi alla Persona (ASP) di Pavia University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Caccialanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science University of Bahrain  Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70034-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"32464","article-title":"Financial impact of sarcopenia or low muscle mass\u2014 \u2010 aA short review","volume":"0261","author":"Norman K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.036897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.230771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.113357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0859-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"International cConference on fFrailty and sSarcopenia rResearch tTask fForce. Sarcopenia Trials in Specific Diseases: Report by the International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research Task Force","volume":"5","author":"Vellas B","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee","volume":"854","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Atlante Ragionato di Alimentazione","author":"Bassani IS","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834d7647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0246-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Is chair rise performance a useful measure of leg power? Aging Clin Exp Res","volume":"22","author":"Hardy R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oct\u2010Dec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Metodo di determinazione degli Indici di Complessit\u00e0 Assistenziale (ICA): dieci anni di sviluppo e sperimentazione","volume":"2","author":"Cavaliere B","year":"2013","journal-title":"AICM Journal \u2010 Giornale Italiano di Case Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01208-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-016-0220-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1273-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","article-title":"Sarcopenia dDefinition and oOutcomes cConsortium cConference participants. Establishing the lLink bBetween lLean mMass and gGrip sStrength cCut\u2010points wWith mMobility Ddisability and oOther hHealth oOutcomes: Proceedings of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium Conference","author":"Cawthon PM","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0104-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03560.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00545-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12501"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.12532","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T18:00:05Z","timestamp":1693764005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.12532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.12532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12532","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}