{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:56:08Z","timestamp":1792151768542,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["268555672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["268555672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exercise intolerance is a cardinal symptom in right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) failure. The underlying skeletal muscle contributes to increased morbidity in patients. Here, we compared skeletal muscle sarcopenia in a novel two\u2010stage model of RV failure to an established model of LV failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) or aortic banding (AOB) was performed in weanling rats, inducing a transition from compensated cardiac hypertrophy (after 7\u00a0weeks) to heart failure (after 22\u201326\u00a0weeks). Cardiac function was characterized by echocardiography. Skeletal muscle catabolic\/anabolic balance and energy metabolism were analysed by histological and biochemical methods, real\u2010time PCR, and western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two clearly distinguishable stages of left or right heart disease with a comparable severity were reached. However, skeletal muscle impairment was significantly more pronounced in LV failure. While the compensatory stage resulted only in minor changes, soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of AOB rats at the decompensated stage demonstrated reduced weight and fibre diameter, higher proteasome activity and expression of the muscle\u2010specific ubiquitin E3 ligases muscle\u2010specific RING finger 1 and atrogin\u20101, increased expression of the atrophy marker myostatin, increased autophagy activation, and impaired mitochondrial function and respiratory chain gene expression. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of PAB rats did not show significant changes in muscle weight and proteasome or autophagy activation, but mitochondrial function was mildly impaired as well. The diaphragm did not demonstrate differences in any model or disease stage except for myostatin expression, which was altered at the decompensated stage in both models. Plasma interleukin (IL)\u20106 and angiotensin II were strongly increased at the decompensated stage (AOB\u00a0&gt;\u00a0&gt;\u00a0PAB). Soleus and gastrocnemius muscle itself demonstrated an increase in IL\u20106 expression independent from blood\u2010derived cytokines only in AOB animals. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments in rat skeletal muscle cells suggested a direct impact of IL\u20106 and angiotensin II on distinctive atrophic changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Manifold skeletal muscle alterations are more pronounced in LV failure compared with RV failure despite a similar ventricular impairment. Most of the catabolic changes were observed in soleus or gastrocnemius muscle rather than in the constantly active diaphragm. Mitochondrial dysfunction and up\u2010regulation of myostatin were identified as the earliest signs of skeletal muscle impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T13:16:55Z","timestamp":1601299015000},"page":"1830-1849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Differential effects of right and left heart failure on skeletal muscle in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Knapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Justus Liebig University Giessen  Rudolf\u2010Buchheim\u2010Strasse 7 Giessen 35392 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Molenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kracht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology Justus Liebig University Giessen  Schubertstrasse 81 Giessen 35392 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7523-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Rohrbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology Justus Liebig University Giessen  Giessen 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