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The aim of this study was to determine the 6 and 12\u00a0month effectiveness of blended (e\u2010health + coaching) home\u2010based exercise and a dietary protein intervention on physical performance in community\u2010dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cluster randomized controlled trial allocated 45 clusters of older adults already engaged in a weekly community\u2010based exercise programme. The clusters were randomized to three groups with ratio of 16:15:14; (i) no intervention, control (CON); (ii) blended home\u2010based exercise intervention (HBex); and (iii) HBex with dietary protein counselling (HBex\u2010Pro). Both interventions used a tablet PC with app and personalized coaching and were targeting on behaviour change. The study comprised coached 6\u00a0month interventions with a 6\u00a0month follow\u2010up. The primary outcome physical performance was assessed by modified Physical Performance Test (m\u2010PPT). Secondary outcomes were gait speed, physical activity level (PAL), handgrip muscle strength, protein intake, skeletal muscle mass, health status, and executive functioning. Linear mixed models of repeated measured were used to assess intervention effects at 6 and 12\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The population included 245 older adults (mean age 72\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.5 (SD)\u00a0years), 71% female, and 54% co\u2010morbidities observed. Dropout of the intervention was 18% at 6\u00a0months and 26% at 12\u00a0months. Participants were well functioning, based on an m\u2010PPT score of 33.9 (2.8) out of 36. For the primary outcome m\u2010PPT, no significant intervention effects (HBex, +0.03, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.933; HBex\u2010Pro, \u22120.13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.730) were found. Gait speed (+0.20\u00a0m\/s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), PAL (+0.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008), muscle strength (+2.32\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), protein intake (+0.32\u00a0g\/kg\/day, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and muscle mass (+0.33\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017) improved significantly in the HBex\u2010Pro group compared with control group after 6\u00a0month intervention. The protein intake, muscle mass, and strength remained significantly improved after 12\u00a0months as compared with those of control. Health change and executive functioning improved significantly in both intervention groups after 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This HBex and dietary protein interventions did not change the physical performance (m\u2010PPT) in community\u2010dwelling older adults. Changes were observed in gait speed, PAL, muscle mass, strength, and dietary protein intake, in response to this combined intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T09:32:20Z","timestamp":1603704740000},"page":"1590-1602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Blended home\u2010based exercise and dietary protein in community\u2010dwelling older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-7251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jantine","family":"van den Helder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition (room B1.28) Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty 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