{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T07:11:40Z","timestamp":1782025900554,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with COVID\u201019 disease are prone to develop significant weight loss and clinical cachexia. Three reports with altogether 589 patients that reported on weight loss and cachexia in COVID\u201019 were identified. Disease severity of patients and the timing of the assessment during the disease course in these patients were variable\u201465 patients (11%) were intensive care treated at the time of assessment, and 183 (31%) were cared for in sub\u2010intensive or intermediate care structures. The frequency of weight loss \u22655% (that defines cachexia) was 37% (range 29\u201352%). Correlates of weight loss occurrence were reported to be raised C\u2010reactive protein levels, impaired renal function status, and longer duration of COVID\u201019 disease. Underweight status by WHO criteria (BMI\u00a0&lt;\u00a018.5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was only observed in 4% of patients analysing data from seven studies with 6661 patients. Cachexia assessment in COVID\u201019 needs assessment of weight loss. COVID\u201019 associated cachexia is understood to affect muscle and fat tissue as is also seen in many other chronic illness\u2010associated forms of cachexia. There are many factors that can contribute to body wasting in COVID\u201019, and they include loss of appetite and taste, fever and inflammation, immobilization, as well as general malnutrition, catabolic\u2013anabolic imbalance, endocrine dysfunction, and organ\u2010specific complications of COVID\u201019 disease such as cardiac and renal dysfunction. Treatment of COVID\u201019 patients should include a focus on nutritional support and rehabilitative exercise whenever possible. Specific anti\u2010cachectic therapies for COVID\u201019 do not exist, but constitute a high medical need to prevent long\u2010term disability due to acute COVID\u201019 disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T10:57:07Z","timestamp":1609412227000},"page":"9-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Weight loss, malnutrition, and cachexia in COVID\u201019: facts and numbers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Markus S.","family":"Anker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9\u2014Campus Benjamin\u2010Franklin  Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site 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