{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:28:08Z","timestamp":1789518488895,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reference ranges for lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) are essential in identifying soft tissue disorders; however, no such reference ranges exist for the most commonly used Hologic dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross\u2010sectional study of community\u2010dwelling adults (aged 18\u201388\u00a0years) who underwent a Hologic DXA scan at one of three commercialized densitometry centres in Australia. Age\u2010specific and sex\u2010specific percentile curves were generated for LM [LM, appendicular lean mass (ALM), ALM adjusted for height squared (ALM\/h\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and ALM adjusted for body mass index (ALM\/BMI)] and FM [FM, FM adjusted for height squared (FM\/h\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), appendicular fat mass, and android and gynoid fat] parameters using the LMS statistical method. Cutpoints equivalent to\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores of \u22121, \u22122, and \u22122.5 standard deviations below the young mean reference group (20\u201329\u00a0years) were also generated for LM parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 15\u00a0479 community\u2010dwelling adults (54% men) with a median age of 33\u00a0years (interquartile range: 28, 42) were included. LM, ALM, and ALM\/h\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      remained stable until age 50, after which these parameters started to decline in both sexes. Compared with age 50, median percentiles of LM, ALM, and ALM\/h\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      declined by \u22125.9\u00a0kg, \u22123.7\u00a0kg, and \u22120.86\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in men and by \u22122.5\u00a0kg, \u22121.8\u00a0kg, and \u22120.10\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in women at age 70, respectively. Adjusting ALM for BMI (rather than height squared) resulted in different trends, with ALM\/BMI decreasing from as early as age 20. Compared with age 20, median percentiles of ALM\/BMI at age 40 declined by \u22120.10\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in men and by \u22120.06\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in women; and at age 70, ALM\/BMI declined by \u22120.25\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in men and by \u22120.20\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in women. Cutpoints equivalent to\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores of \u22121, \u22122, and \u22122.5 standard deviations for ALM\/BMI were 1.01, 0.86, and 0.77\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in men and 0.70, 0.59, and 0.53\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in women, respectively. All FM parameters progressively increased from age 20 and continued up until age 70.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed reference ranges for LM and FM parameters from Hologic DXA machines in a large cohort of Australian adults, which will assist researchers and clinicians in identifying soft tissue disorders such as obesity, sarcopenia, and cachexia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T02:09:35Z","timestamp":1621044575000},"page":"880-890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Body composition reference ranges in community\u2010dwelling adults using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry: the Australian Body Composition (ABC) Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Kirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  St Albans, Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience &amp; Osteosarcopenia Research Program The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St Albans, Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Bani Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  St Albans, Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience &amp; Osteosarcopenia Research Program The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St Albans, Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Brennan\u2010Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  St Albans, Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience &amp; Osteosarcopenia Research Program The University of Melbourne and Western Health  St Albans, Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Social Development Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus  Geelong Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Vogrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Western Health, Melbourne Medical School The University of Melbourne  St Albans, Melbourne Vic. 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