{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:45:59Z","timestamp":1792406759300,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass, quality, and function, is associated with reduced quality of life and adverse health outcomes including disability and mortality. Electromyostimulation (EMS) has been suggested to attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function in elderly, sedentary individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMS on muscle strength and function during 4\u00a0weeks of inpatient medical rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients receiving 4\u00a0weeks of inpatient medical rehabilitation diagnosed with sarcopenia using bioimpedance analysis were eligible to participate. One hundred and thirty\u2010four patients (55.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.9\u00a0years, 25.4% female) were randomly assigned to three groups: whole\u2010body (WB) EMS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a048): stimulation of major muscle groups (pectoral muscles, latissimus, trapezius, abdominals, upper arm and leg, lower back muscles, gluteal muscles, and thighs); part\u2010body (PB) EMS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a042): stimulation of leg muscles including gluteal muscles and thighs; and control group (CG, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a044). All participants performed six 20\u00a0min training sessions including dynamic movements (squats, lunges, biceps curl, chest press, butterfly reverse, reverse lunges, standing diagonal crunches, etc.) with superimposed (WB\u2010, PB\u2010) EMS or without EMS (CG) in addition to the standard rehabilitation programme. Primary outcome variables included muscle function assessed by chair rise test and 6\u00a0min walking test as well as muscle strength (isometric grip strength, leg, arm, and back extension).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary outcome variables chair rise test and leg extension improved significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.06 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.06; EMS vs. CG) in that chair rise test results increased in WB\u2010EMS from 5 (4; 7) to 7 (5; 9), in PB\u2010EMS from 5 (5; 7) to 7 (6; 8), and in CG from 6 (4; 7) to 7 (5; 8) repetitions. Knee extension increased in WB\u2010EMS from 692.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0248.6 to 831.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0298.7\u00a0N, in PB\u2010EMS from 682.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0257.8 to 790.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0270.2\u00a0N, and in CG from 638.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0236.9 to 703.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0218.6\u00a0N. No adverse events or side effects occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that EMS might be an additional training option to improve muscle function and strength in sarcopenic patients during a 4\u00a0week rehabilitation programme. EMS provides greater functional and strength improvements compared with standard treatment with additional potential health benefits for sarcopenic cardiac and orthopaedic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T13:26:48Z","timestamp":1623245208000},"page":"843-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Four weeks of electromyostimulation improves muscle function and strength in sarcopenic patients: a three\u2010arm parallel randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Teschler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"},{"name":"Klinik K\u00f6nigsfeld der DRV, Department of Cardiology and Orthopedics Clinic Center for Medical Rehabilitation  Ennepetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Heimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"},{"name":"Klinik K\u00f6nigsfeld der DRV, Department of Cardiology and Orthopedics Clinic Center for Medical Rehabilitation  Ennepetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"},{"name":"Klinik K\u00f6nigsfeld der DRV, Department of Cardiology and Orthopedics Clinic Center for Medical Rehabilitation  Ennepetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Kemmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Physics Friedrich\u2010Alexander University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank C.","family":"Mooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health University of Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"},{"name":"Klinik K\u00f6nigsfeld der DRV, Department of Cardiology and Orthopedics Clinic Center for Medical Rehabilitation  Ennepetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4381-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.10.1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/678159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823f2cd1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9575-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9236809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0759-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3662-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TGR.0b013e31823415fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-199706000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-200401000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"1994 Health Institute New England Medical Center Boston JE Ware M Kosinski S Keller SF\u201036 physical and mental health summary scales. 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