{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:48:08Z","timestamp":1766407688883,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000377","name":"Dunhill Medical Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R468\/0216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R468\/0216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat\u2010free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorbidities are present is undefined. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and physiological\/metabolic responses to HIIT, in a cohort of octogenarians with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and osteoarthritis).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight volunteers (18 men, 10 women, 81.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00a0years, 27.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00a0kg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade 2\u20133 status each completed 4\u00a0weeks (12 sessions) HIIT after a control period of equal duration. Before and after each 4\u00a0week period, subjects underwent body composition assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (<jats:italic>m. vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic>) were taken to quantify anabolic signalling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS) over 4\u2010weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comorbid octogenarians, HIIT elicited improvements in CRF (anaerobic threshold: +1.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). HIIT also augmented total FFM (47.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4 to 47.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04), while decreasing total fat mass (24.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3 to 24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0kg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0002) and body fat percentage (33.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 to 32.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0008). Mechanistically, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity increased after HIIT (i.e. citrate synthase activity: 52.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 to 67.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1\u00a0nmol\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005; membrane protein complexes (C): C\u2010II, 1.4\u2010fold increase, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002; C\u2010III, 1.2\u2010fold increase, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03), as did rates of MPS (1.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1 to 1.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1%\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). The increase in MPS was supported by up\u2010regulated phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins (e.g. AKT, p70S6K, and 4E\u2010BP1; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). There were no changes in any of these parameters during the control period. No adverse events were reported throughout the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HIIT enhances skeletal muscle mass and CRF in octogenarians with disease, with up\u2010regulation of MPS and mitochondrial capacity likely underlying these improvements. HIIT can be safely delivered to octogenarians with disease and is an effective, time\u2010efficient intervention to improve muscle mass and physical function in a short time frame.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T07:19:34Z","timestamp":1622531974000},"page":"866-879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The physiological impact of high\u2010intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"James E.M.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\u2010Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham  Derby UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery &amp; Anaesthetics Royal Derby Hospital  Derby 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