{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T12:36:55Z","timestamp":1785674215010,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited information about the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) on the muscular dysfunction, despite the generalized weakness and fatigue that patients report after overcoming the acute phase of the infection. This study aimed to detect impaired muscle efficiency by evaluating delta efficiency (DE) in patients with COVID\u201019 compared with subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and control group (CG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 60 participants were assigned to four experimental groups: COVID\u201019, COPD, IHD, and CG (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015 each group). Incremental exercise tests in a cycle ergometer were performed to obtain peak oxygen uptake (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak). DE was obtained from the end of the first workload to the power output where the respiratory exchange ratio was 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A lower DE was detected in patients with COVID\u201019 and COPD compared with those in CG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.033). However, no significant differences were observed among the experimental groups with diseases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Lower VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak, peak ventilation, peak power output, and total exercise time were observed in the groups with diseases than in the CG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). A higher VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, ventilation, and power output were detected in the CG compared with those in the groups with diseases at the first and second ventilatory threshold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). A higher power output was detected in the IHD group compared with those in the COVID\u201019 and COPD groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) at the first and second ventilatory thresholds and when the respiratory exchange ratio was 1. A significant correlation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) was found between the VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak and DE and between the peak power output and DE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with COVID\u201019 showed marked mechanical inefficiency similar to that observed in COPD and IHD patients. Patients with COVID\u201019 and COPD showed a significant decrease in power output compared to IHD during pedalling despite having similar response in VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at each intensity. Resistance training should be considered during the early phase of rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T09:33:15Z","timestamp":1623231195000},"page":"1056-1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Severe loss of mechanical efficiency in COVID\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eulogio","family":"Pleguezuelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Science and Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences Universitat Pompeu Fabra  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Del Carmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Llorensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Carcole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Casarramona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Hospitalet General Hospital  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateo","family":"Serra\u2010Prat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Consorci Sanitari del Maresme  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Palomera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Consorci Sanitari del Maresme  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc M.","family":"Miravitlles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Yebenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Department Hospital de Matar\u00f3  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Boixeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hospital de Matar\u00f3, CSDM  Matar\u00f3 Spain"},{"name":"Grup d'Estudi al Maresme de la Pneum\u00f2nia Adquirida en la Comunitat i la MPOC (GEMP@C)  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lluis","family":"Campins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Hospital de Matar\u00f3, CSdM  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koldo","family":"Villelabeitia\u2010Jaureguizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Infanta Elena University Hospital  Valdemoro Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Vicente","family":"Garnacho\u2010Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRI\u2010AFIRS, School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus Universitat Pompeu Fabra  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Actualizaci\u00f3n no 245. 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