{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:11:16Z","timestamp":1790730676158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007175","name":"Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasting is attracting an increasing interest as a potential strategy for managing diseases, including metabolic disorders and complementary cancer therapy. Despite concerns of clinicians regarding protein catabolism and muscle loss, evidence\u2010based clinical data in response to long\u2010term fasting in healthy humans are scarce. The objective of this study was to measure clinical constants, metabolic, and muscular response in healthy men during and after a 10\u00a0day fast combined with a physical activity programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen men (44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0years; 26.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) fasted with a supplement of 200\u2013250\u00a0kcal\/day and up to 3\u00a0h daily low\u2010intensity physical activity according to the peer\u2010reviewed Buchinger Wilhelmi protocol. Changes in body weight (BW) and composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity, muscle strength and function, protein utilization, inflammatory, and metabolic status were assessed during the 10\u00a0day fast, the 4\u00a0days of food reintroduction, and at 3\u00a0month follow\u2010up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 10\u00a0day fast decreased BW by 7% (\u22125.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0kg,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and BMR by 12% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Fat mass and lean soft tissues (LST) accounted for about 40% and 60% of weight loss, respectively, \u22122.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.18\u00a0kg and \u22123.53\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13\u00a0kg,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001. LST loss was explained by the reduction in extracellular water (44%), muscle and liver glycogen and associated water (14%), and metabolic active lean tissue (42%). Plasma 3\u2010methyl\u2010histidine increased until Day 5 of fasting and then decreased, suggesting that protein sparing might follow early proteolysis. Daily steps count increased by 60% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) during the fasting period. Strength was maintained in non\u2010weight\u2010bearing muscles and increased in weight\u2010bearing muscles (+33%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Glycaemia, insulinemia, blood lipids, and blood pressure dropped during the fast (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for all), while non\u2010esterified fatty acids and urinary beta\u2010hydroxybutyrate increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01 for both). After a transient reduction, inflammatory cytokines returned to baseline at Day 10 of fasting, and LST were still lower than baseline values (\u22122.3% and \u22123.2%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for both).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 10\u00a0day fast appears safe in healthy humans. Protein loss occurs in early fast but decreases as ketogenesis increases. Fasting combined with physical activity does not negatively impact muscle function. Future studies will need to confirm these first findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T08:23:36Z","timestamp":1634804616000},"page":"1690-1703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Is muscle and protein loss relevant in long\u2010term fasting in healthy men? A prospective trial on physiological adaptations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Laurens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Grundler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic  \u00dcberlingen Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institut of Health  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Damiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS  Strasbourg 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