{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:28:33Z","timestamp":1784165313582,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sarcopenia and osteoporosis frequently co\u2010occur in the elderly and have common pathophysiological determinants. Slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) has been recently discovered as a novel therapeutic factor against osteoporosis, and a SLIT3 fragment containing the second leucine\u2010rich repeat domain (LRRD2) had a therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis. However, a role of SLIT3 in the skeletal muscle is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal muscle mass, strength, and\/or physical activity were evaluated in<jats:italic>Slit3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, ovariectomized, and aged mice, based on the measurements of muscle weight and grip strength, Kondziella's inverted hanging test, and\/or wheel\u2010running test. Skeletal muscles were also histologically evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining and\/or immunofluorescence. The ovariectomized and aged mice were intravenously injected with recombinant SLIT3 LRRD2 for 4\u00a0weeks. C2C12 cells were used to know cellular effects of SLIT3, such as in vitro myogenesis, fusion, cell viability, and proliferation, and also used to evaluate its molecular mechanisms by immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, real\u2010time PCR, siRNA transfection, and receptor\u2010ligand binding ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Slit3<\/jats:italic>\u2010deficient mice exhibited decreased skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical activity. The relative masses of gastrocnemius and soleus were lower in the<jats:italic>Slit3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice (0.580\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.039% and 0.033\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.003%, respectively) than those in the WT littermates (0.622\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.043% and 0.038\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.003%, respectively) (all,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Gastrocnemius of<jats:italic>Slit3<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice showed the reduced number of Type I and Type IIa fibres (all,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), but not of Type IIb and Type IIx fibres. SLIT3 activated \u03b2\u2010catenin signalling by promoting its release from M\u2010cadherin, thereby increasing myogenin expression to stimulate myoblast differentiation.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>experiments involving ROBO2 expression, knockdown, and interaction with SLIT3 indicated that ROBO2 functions as a SLIT3 receptor to aid myoblast differentiation. SLIT3 LRRD2 dissociated M\u2010cadherin\u2010bound \u03b2\u2010catenin and up\u2010regulated myogenin expression to increase myoblast differentiation, in a manner similar to full\u2010length SLIT3. Systemic treatment with SLIT3 LRRD2 increased skeletal muscle mass in both ovariectomized and aged mice (all,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The relative masses of gastrocnemius and soleus were higher in the treated aged mice (0.548\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.045% and 0.033\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.005%, respectively) than in the untreated aged mice (0.508\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.016% and 0.028\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.003%, respectively) (all,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). SLIT3 LRRD2 treatment increased the hanging duration of the aged mice by approximately 1.7\u2010fold (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SLIT3 plays a sarcoprotective role by activating \u03b2\u2010catenin signalling. SLIT3 LRRD2 can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent against muscle loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T05:01:58Z","timestamp":1629694918000},"page":"1724-1740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["SLIT3 promotes myogenic differentiation as a novel therapeutic factor against muscle loss"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Han Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonmok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South 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for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyunggon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u2010Jeoung","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center 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