{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:46:26Z","timestamp":1788367586707,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WELBIO\u2010CR\u20102019C\u201002R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WELBIO\u2010CR\u20102019C\u201002R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T.0030.21\u2010P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T.0030.21\u2010P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_163144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_163144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have previously shown that glycine increases fat\u2010free mass in chronic haemodialysis patients with features of malnutrition as compared with branched\u2010chain amino acids (BCAAs). This multicentre randomized double\u2010blind crossover study evaluates the impact of these amino acids on the gut barrier and microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Haemodialysis patients were included if they had plasma albumin &lt;38\u00a0g\/L or weight loss &gt;5% of dry body weight, and daily dietary intakes &lt;30\u00a0kcal\/kg and &lt;1\u00a0g protein\/kg. They consumed glycine or BCAA (7\u00a0g twice daily) for 4\u00a0months and underwent a 1\u00a0month washout period, before crossover of supplementations. Faecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), serum levels of cytokines, surrogate markers of intestinal permeability, appetite mediators, and endocannabinoids were obtained at the start and end of each supplementation. Supplementations were compared by multiple mixed linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, month of supplementation (0 and 4 in each period), and period (Period 1: first 4\u00a0months; Period 2: last 4\u00a0months). Microbiota comparisons were performed using principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, Shannon diversity index estimate and analysis of composition of microbiomes analysis, and Wilcoxon tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analysed 27 patients compliant to the supplementations. Multiple mixed linear regression models were significant only for interleukin\u20106 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.028), cholecystokinin (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.021), and peptide YY (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), but not for the other outcomes. The significant models did not show any impact of the type of supplementation (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 in all models). Principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0001) showed strong microbiota clustering by subject, but no effect of the amino acids. Bacterial alpha diversity and zero\u2010radius operational taxonomic unit richness remained stable, whatever the supplementation.\n                      <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.030; Q1\u2013Q3 0.008\u20130.078 vs. 0.004; Q1\u2013Q3 0.001\u20130.070) and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium dentium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.0247; Q1\u2013Q3 0.002\u20130.191 vs. 0.003; Q1\u2013Q3 0.001\u20130.086) significantly decreased with the BCAA supplementation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BCAA and glycine supplementations had no impact on the serum levels of cytokines, appetite mediators, intestinal permeability, endocannabinoids, or faecal IgA. Overall faecal microbiota composition and microbial diversity did not change with the glycine or BCAA supplementation but decreased the abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>L.\u00a0paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>dentium<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T04:46:13Z","timestamp":1631940373000},"page":"1527-1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gut barrier and microbiota changes with glycine and branched\u2010chain amino acid supplementation in chronic haemodialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0037-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Genton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno","family":"Pruijm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Nephrology University Hospitals of Lausanne and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Teta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Nephrology Cantonal Hospital of Sion  Sion Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Nephrology Cantonal Hospital of Sion  Sion Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice D.","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO) Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Ga\u00efa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Lab and Service of Infectious Diseases Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois R.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marangon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Nephrology Geneva University Hospitals and Clinique of Champel  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Mareschal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio G.","family":"Muccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Stoermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Nephrology Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Suriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO) Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Wurzner\u2010Ghajarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Nephrology University Hospitals of Lausanne and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Lazarevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Lab and Service of Infectious Diseases Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  Geneva 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TetaD PruijmM StoermannC MarangonN MareschalJ et al.Gylcine but not branched chain amino acids increases lean body mass in malnourished hemodialysed patients: a randomized double\u2010blind cross\u2010over trial. 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