{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:03:05Z","timestamp":1792641785429,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF18OC0052826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18OC0052826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Chronic low\u2010grade inflammation has been suggested as one of the key elements in the development of sarcopenia, but in contrast to disease\u2010related loss of muscle mass, the role of chronic low\u2010grade inflammation in age\u2010related (primary) sarcopenia is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate low\u2010grade inflammation in relation to age and the potential association between inflammatory biomarkers and body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in a healthy Danish cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n There were 1160 generally healthy men and women (range: 22\u201393\u00a0years) included. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and visceral fat normalized to height (kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) was assessed by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (iDXA, GE Lunar). Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated by handgrip strength (HGS), 30\u00a0s sit\u2010to\u2010stand performance, and maximal gait speed (GS). Systemic levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20104, IL\u201013, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 were measured using multiplex bead\u2010based immunoassays (Bio\u2010Rad). hsCRP was assessed using latex particle\u2010enhanced immunoturbidimetric assays (Roche Diagnostics).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n With age, ALM\/h\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , HGS, sit\u2010to\u2010stand performance and GS decreased, whereas visceral fat\/h\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n increased in both men and women (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). Systemic levels of hsCRP, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20104, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 increased with age in men and women (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05), while IL\u20101\u03b2 increased in women only (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01). Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with lower ALM\/h\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n in elderly (\u226565\u00a0years) men and women (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with lower handgrip strength in elderly women (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) whereas higher levels of hsCRP was not associated with lower HGS in elderly men (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.056). Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with lower GS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05), whereas IFN\u2010\u03b3 was positively associated with GS in elderly women (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05), but not elderly men. Visceral fat index was positively associated with hsCRP in elderly men and women (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Compared with elderly with normal HGS, elderly men and women with low HGS displayed higher levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and hsCRP (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n With age, systemic levels of hsCRP, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20104, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 increased, with hsCRP and TNF\u2010\u03b1 being especially elevated in more physically frail elderly supporting the association between low\u2010grade systemic inflammation and poor physical function. In contrast, only high levels of hsCRP were weakly associated with low muscle mass and positively associated with visceral fat and low physical function, suggesting that chronic low\u2010grade inflammation is not the main driver of age\u2010related loss of muscle mass as previously suggested.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T20:47:51Z","timestamp":1635367671000},"page":"1641-1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Associations between inflammatory markers, body composition, and physical function: the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikke S.","family":"Kamper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"CopenAge\u2014Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Alcazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"GENUD Toledo Research Group Universidad de Castilla\u2010La Mancha Toledo Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars L.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA) Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Haddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas Rye","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hovind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Suetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Herlev Denmark"},{"name":"CopenAge\u2014Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 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