{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:25:41Z","timestamp":1791757541414,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Adverse muscle composition (MC) as measured by magnetic resonance imaging has previously been linked to poor function, comorbidity, and increased hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate if adverse MC predicts all\u2010cause mortality using data from UK Biobank.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>There were 40\u00a0178 participants scanned using a 6\u00a0min magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Images were analysed for thigh fat\u2010tissue free muscle volume and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) using AMRA\u00ae Researcher (AMRA Medical, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden). For each participant, a sex, weight, and height invariant muscle volume z\u2010score was calculated. Participants were partitioned into four MC groups: (i) normal MC<\/jats:italic>, (ii) only low muscle volume<\/jats:italic> [<25th percentile for muscle volume z\u2010score (population wide)], (iii) only high MFI<\/jats:italic> [>75th percentile (population wide, sex\u2010specific)], and (iv) adverse MC<\/jats:italic> (low muscle volume z\u2010score and high MFI). Association of MC groups with mortality was investigated using Cox proportional\u2010hazard modelling with normal MC<\/jats:italic> as referent (unadjusted and adjusted for low hand grip strength, sex, age, body mass index, previous diagnosis of disease (cancer, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease), lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and Townsend deprivation index).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Muscle composition measurements were complete for 39\u00a0804 participants [52% female, mean (SD) age 64.2 (7.6) years and body mass index 26.4 (4.4) kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>]. Three hundred twenty\u2010eight deaths were recorded during a follow\u2010up period of 2.9 (1.4) years after imaging. At imaging, adverse MC<\/jats:italic> was detected in 10.5% of participants. The risk of death from any cause in adverse MC<\/jats:italic> compared with normal MC<\/jats:italic> was 3.71 (95% confidence interval 2.81\u20134.91, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Only low muscle volume<\/jats:italic> and only high MFI<\/jats:italic> were independently associated with all\u2010cause mortality [1.58 (1.13\u20132.21), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007, and 2.02 (1.51\u20132.71), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001, respectively]. Adjustment of low hand grip strength [1.77 (1.28\u20132.44), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001] did not attenuate the associations with any of the MC groups. In the fully adjusted model, adverse MC<\/jats:italic> and only high MFI<\/jats:italic> remained significant (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001 and P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020) while the association with only low muscle volume<\/jats:italic> was attenuated to non\u2010significance (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.560). The predictive performance of adverse MC<\/jats:italic> [1.96 (1.42\u20132.71), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001] was comparable with that of previous cancer diagnosis [1.93 (1.47\u20132.53), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001] and smoking [1.71 (1.02\u20132.84), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.040]. Low hand grip strength was borderline non\u2010significant [1.34 (0.96\u20131.88), P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.090].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Adverse MC<\/jats:italic> was a strong and independent predictor of all\u2010cause mortality. Sarcopenia guidelines can be strengthened by including cut\u2010offs for myosteatosis enabling detection of adverse MC<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T12:03:30Z","timestamp":1635509010000},"page":"1513-1526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Adverse muscle composition predicts all\u2010cause mortality in the UK Biobank imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Linge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AMRA Medical Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Petersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMRA Medical Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael F.","family":"Forsgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMRA Medical Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun J.","family":"Sanyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Dahlqvist Leinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMRA Medical Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping 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