{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:44:39Z","timestamp":1792107879138,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u201001888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u201001888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["521\u20102014\u201021\u201096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["521\u20102014\u201021\u201096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005348","name":"Socialdepartementet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dynamic nature of sarcopenia, including possible transitions between its different stages, is currently unknown. We aimed to explore 12\u00a0year transitions through sarcopenia stages and identify factors associated with different sarcopenia trajectories in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 3219 participants (aged \u226560\u00a0years, 35.8% men, 96.4% community\u2010dwelling) from the SNAC\u2010K study. No sarcopenia (normal muscle strength and mass), probable sarcopenia (low muscle strength and normal muscle mass), and sarcopenia (low muscle strength and mass) were assessed at baseline and up to 12\u00a0years. Such conditions were defined based on a modified version of the EWGSOP2 criteria with muscle strength evaluated through handgrip or chair stand tests, and muscle mass from calf circumference. We estimated 1, 5, and 10\u00a0year transition probabilities through continuous\u2010time multistage Markov modelling. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with the likelihood of different transitions were evaluated with proportional intensity models, and the associations' strength was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with no sarcopenia had 10\u2010year probabilities of 17.1% and 5.1% to develop probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia, and a 40.4% chance of not transitioning. Those with probable sarcopenia had similar 5\u2010year chances of developing sarcopenia (10.3%) and reverting to no sarcopenia (10.7%). Participants with sarcopenia had chances to revert to probable sarcopenia ranging from 8.2% (at 5\u00a0years) to 4.7% (at 10\u00a0years), and a 70.9% chance of dying after 10\u00a0years. Older age (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.11, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.14), male sex (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.84, 95% CI: 1.16\u20132.91), current smoking (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.84, 95% CI: 1.16\u20132.91), and higher number of chronic diseases (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.07, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.14) were associated with sarcopenia development, while higher levels of physical activity (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.84, 95% CI: 1.19\u20132.84) and cognitive function (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.17, 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.31 per each 1\u2010point increase in the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination) were associated with subsequent higher reversion rates from probable sarcopenia to no sarcopenia (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for all). None of the explored characteristics were associated with sarcopenia reversion to healthier stages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia appears to be a dynamic condition with possible two\u2010way transitions between different sarcopenia stages, especially the earliest ones. Timely interventions to improve physical and cognitive function and better control individuals' chronic conditions could help counteract sarcopenia progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T16:43:56Z","timestamp":1638290636000},"page":"254-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Twelve\u2010year sarcopenia trajectories in older adults: results from a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division University of Padua  Padua Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide Liborio","family":"Vetrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Calvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Picca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Karin","family":"Welmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm Gerontology Research Center  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0704-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Study plan\u2014SNAC\u2010K.https:\/\/www.snac\u2010k.se\/about\/study\u2010plan\/(accessed 23 September 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200831020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 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