{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:52:34Z","timestamp":1790632354003,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age\u2010related loss in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength, known as sarcopenia, is a well\u2010known phenomenon of aging and is determined clinically using methods such as dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, these clinical methods to measure sarcopenia are not practical for population\u2010based studies, and a five\u2010question screening tool known as SARC\u2010F has been validated to screen for sarcopenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the relationship between appendicular skeletal lean mass\/height<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (ALM\/HT<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) (kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) assessed by DXA and SARC\u2010F in a subset of 1538 (778 men and 760 women) participants in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study after adjustment for race\/ethnicity, age, and body mass index (BMI) at the time of DXA measurement. We then investigated the association between SARC\u2010F and mortality among 71\u00a0283 (41\u00a0757 women and 29\u00a0526 men) participants in the MEC, who responded to the five SARC\u2010F questions on a mailed questionnaire as part of the MEC follow\u2010up in 2012\u20132016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women, SARC\u2010F score was significantly inversely associated with ALM\/HT<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> after adjusting for race\/ethnicity, and age and BMI at DXA (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.167, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001); the result was similar in men although it did not reach statistical significance (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.056, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.12). Among the 71\u00a0000+ MEC participants, SARC\u2010F score\u00a0\u2265\u00a04, as an indicator of sarcopenia, was higher in women (20.9%) than in men (11.2%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and increased steadily with increasing age (6.3% in &lt;70 vs. 41.3% in 90+\u00a0years old) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). SARC\u2010F score\u00a0\u2265\u00a04 was highest among Latinos (30.8% in women and 16.1% in men) and lowest in Native Hawaiian women (15.6%) and Japanese American men (8.9%). During an average of 6.8\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, compared with men with SARC\u2010F score of 0\u20131 (indicator of no sarcopenia), men with SARC\u2010F 2\u20133 (indicator of pre\u2010sarcopenia) and SARC\u2010F\u00a0\u2265\u00a04 had significantly increased risk of all\u2010cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 1.77, 3.73, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001], cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 1.85, 3.98, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and cancer mortality (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 1.46, 1.96, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) after covariate adjustment. Comparable risk association patterns with SARC\u2010F scores were observed in women (all\u2010cause mortality: HR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 1.47, 3.10, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; CVD mortality: HR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 1.59, 3.54, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; cancer mortality: HR\u00a0=\u00a01.00, 1.30, 1.77, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). These significant risk patterns between SARC\u2010F and all\u2010cause mortality were found across all sex\u2013race\/ethnic groups considered (12 in total).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An indicator of sarcopenia, determined using SARC\u2010F, showed internal validity against DXA and displayed racial\/ethnic and sex differences in distribution. SARC\u2010F was associated with all\u2010cause mortality as well as cause\u2010specific mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T05:12:58Z","timestamp":1643605978000},"page":"987-1002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prognostic utility of self\u2010reported sarcopenia (SARC\u2010F) in the Multiethnic Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0546-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna H.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Wendy","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unhee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu\u2010Cheng","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kami K.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz Josef","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iona","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Stram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne R.","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328333c1c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Sarcopenia: the target population","volume":"2","author":"Malmstrom TK","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1139-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01585-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rce.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/10.1_Part_1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/53B.1.S46"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Flanders versus The Netherlands: focus on differences between depressive symptoms in men and women measured on the basis of CES\u2010D8","volume":"53","author":"Van de Velde S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.090688"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3194-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.103959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0668-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0277-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12501"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12916","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcsm.12916","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcsm.12916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T16:33:02Z","timestamp":1692981182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcsm.12916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcsm.12916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcsm.12916","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-5991","2190-6009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-5991","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-6009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}