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A protocol for the present study was registered (PROSPERO, CRD42020159001), and a systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Sciences databases was undertaken. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) where participants increased their daily protein intake and were healthy and non\u2010obese adults were included. Research questions focused on the main effects on the outcomes of interest and subgroup analysis, splitting the studies by participation in a resistance exercise (RE), age (&lt;65 or \u226565\u00a0years old), and levels of daily protein ingestion. Three\u2010level random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses and meta\u2010regressions were conducted on data from 74 RCT. Most of the selected studies tested the effects of additional protein ingestion during RE training. The evidence suggests that increasing daily protein ingestion may enhance gains in LBM in studies enrolling subjects in RE (SMD [standardized mean difference]\u00a0=\u00a00.22, 95% CI [95% confidence interval] 0.14:0.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01, 62 studies, moderate level of evidence). The effect on LBM was significant in subjects \u226565\u00a0years old ingesting 1.2\u20131.59\u00a0g of protein\/kg\/day and for younger subjects (&lt;65\u00a0years old) ingesting \u22651.6\u00a0g of protein\/kg\/day submitted to RE. Lower\u2010body strength gain was slightly higher by additional protein ingestion at \u22651.6\u00a0g of protein\/kg\/day during RE training (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.40, 95% CI 0.09:0.35, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01, 19 studies, low level of evidence). Bench press strength is slightly increased by ingesting more protein in &lt;65\u00a0years old subjects during RE training (SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.18, 95% CI 0.03:0.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01, 32 studies, low level of evidence). The effects of ingesting more protein are unclear when assessing handgrip strength and only marginal for performance in physical function tests. In conclusion, increasing daily protein ingestion results in small additional gains in LBM and lower body muscle strength gains in healthy adults enrolled in resistance exercise training. There is a slight effect on bench press strength and minimal effect performance in physical function tests. The effect on handgrip strength is unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T05:28:47Z","timestamp":1645421327000},"page":"795-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everson A.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Colenso\u2010Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean R.","family":"McKellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Centre McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Fitzpatrick\u2010Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Centre McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Sherifali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Gaudichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Atherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Camprubi","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Nutrition Research and Development  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Naranjo\u2010Modad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Givaudan Research and Development  Avignon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Flavors &amp; Fragrances Research and Development  St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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