{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:39:33Z","timestamp":1788453573902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011947","name":"Abbott Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Metabolic flexibility is the ability of skeletal muscle to adapt fuel utilization to the demand for fuel sources [carbohydrates (CHO) and fats (FAT)]. The purpose of this study was to explore muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility under various conditions in sarcopenic (S) versus nonsarcopenic (NS) older adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010two older adults aged 65\u00a0years or older were categorized as NS [\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a011; mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation (SD); age\u00a0=\u00a073.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.0\u00a0years (males,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05; females,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a06)] or S [\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a011; 81.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.5\u00a0years (males,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a06; females,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05) based on handgrip strength, body composition and physical performance. Indirect calorimetry was recorded before and after consumption of a high\u2010CHO meal and during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Respiratory quotient (RQ), CHO and FAT oxidation were assessed. Venous blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentrations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At rest, compared with NS, S exhibited a 5\u20138% higher RQ at 0 (0.72 vs. 0.76) and 120 (0.77 vs. 0.82), 150 (0.76 vs. 0.80), and 180\u00a0min (0.74 vs. 0.80) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.002\u20130.025); 59\u2013195% higher CHO oxidation at 0, 120, and 180\u00a0min (0.0004\u20130.002 vs. 0.001\u20130.002\u00a0g\u00b7min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \u00b7kg\n \u20101)<\/jats:sup>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.010\u20130.047); and 20\u201331% lower FAT oxidation at 0, 15, and 90\u2013180\u00a0min (0.0009\u20130.0022 vs. 0.0011\u20130.002\u00a0g\u00b7min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.004\u20130.038). Glucose levels were significantly elevated in S versus NS at 0, 60 and 75\u00a0min (144.64\u2013202.78 vs. 107.70\u2013134.20\u00a0mg\u00b7dL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) but not insulin. During aerobic exercise, RQ was 5% greater (0.90 vs. 0.86) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.039), and FAT oxidation was 35% lower at 6\u20138\u00a0min (0.003 vs. 0.005\u00a0g\u00b7min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.033) in S versus NS. During anaerobic exercise, CHO oxidation was 31% greater in NS versus S at 60\u201380% time to exhaustion (0.011 vs. 0.007\u00a0g\u00b7min\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.015). Per cent contribution to energy expenditure was greater in S for CHO but lower for FAT at 0 (CHO: 22% vs. 10%; FAT: 78% vs. 91%) and 120\u2013180\u00a0min (CHO: 35\u201342% vs. 17\u201325%; FAT: 58\u201365% vs. 75%\u201384%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.003\u20130.046) at rest and 6\u20138\u00a0min during aerobic exercise (CHO: 70% vs. 57%; FAT: 30% vs. 45%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.046).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The data show differences in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and substrate utilization between S and NS at rest, transitioning from fasted to fed state, and during exercise. Compared with NS, S displayed a diminished ability to adapt fuel utilization in response to feeding and exercise, reflecting metabolic inflexibility. Impaired metabolic flexibility could be a mechanism underlying the losses of strength and physical function accompanying sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T21:19:31Z","timestamp":1645132771000},"page":"1224-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marni E.","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzette L.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Nutrition Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikkie A.","family":"Mustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Science Consulting LLC Galena OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Gillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna D.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Professions Creighton University School of Medicine Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Lopez\u2010Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Nutrition R&D Granada 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.3.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382163-8.00030-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0079-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.12.1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(93)90066-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00844.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1985.tb00590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"ACSM's 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