{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:54:19Z","timestamp":1787741659894,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Precision nutrition is highly topical. However, no studies have explored the interindividual variability in response to nutrition interventions for sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of interindividual variability in response to two nutrition supplementation interventions for sarcopenia and metabolic health, after accounting for sources of variability not attributable to supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 24\u00a0week, randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial tested the impact of leucine\u2010enriched protein (LEU\u2010PRO), LEU\u2010PRO plus long\u2010chain <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA (LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103) or control (CON) supplementation in older adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a083, 71\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0years) at risk of sarcopenia. To estimate the true interindividual variability in response to supplementation (free of the variability due to measurement error and within\u2010subject variation), the standard deviation of individual responses (SD<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>) was computed and compared with the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for appendicular lean mass (ALM), leg strength, timed up\u2010and\u2010go (TUG), and serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration. Clinically meaningful interindividual variability in response to supplementation was deemed to be present when the SD<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> positively exceeded the MCID. The probability that individual responses were clinically meaningful, and the phenotypic, dietary, and behavioural determinants of response to supplementation were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SD<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> was below the MCID for ALM (LEU\u2010PRO: \u22120.12\u00a0kg [90% CI: \u22120.38, 0.35], LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103: \u22120.32\u00a0kg [\u22120.45, 0.03], MCID: 0.21\u00a0kg), TUG (LEU\u2010PRO: 0.58\u00a0s [0.18, 0.80], LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103: 0.73\u00a0s [0.41, 0.95], MCID: 0.9\u00a0s) and TG (LEU\u2010PRO: \u22120.38\u00a0mmol\/L [\u22120.80, 0.25], LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103: \u22120.44\u00a0mmol\/L [\u22120.63, 0.06], MCID: 0.1\u00a0mmol\/L), indicating no meaningful interindividual variability in response to either supplement. The SD<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> exceeded the MCID (19\u00a0Nm) for strength in response to LEU\u2010PRO (25\u00a0Nm [\u221229, 45]) and LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 (23\u00a0Nm [\u221229, 43]) supplementation but the effect was uncertain, evidenced by wide confidence intervals. In the next stage of analysis, similar proportions of participant responses were identified as very likely, likely, possibly, unlikely, and very unlikely to represent clinically meaningful improvements across the LEU\u2010PRO, LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103, and CON groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Baseline LC <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 PUFA status, habitual protein intake, and numerous other phenotypic and behavioural factors were not determinants of response to LEU\u2010PRO or LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Applying a novel, robust methodological approach to precision nutrition, we show that there was minimal interindividual variability in changes in ALM, muscle function, and TG in response to LEU\u2010PRO and LEU\u2010PRO+<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20103 supplementation in older adults at risk of sarcopenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T07:08:15Z","timestamp":1645513695000},"page":"872-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Interindividual variability in response to protein and fish oil supplementation in older adults: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Caoileann H.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Teagasc Food Research Centre  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health University College Dublin (UCD)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health 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