{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:19:40Z","timestamp":1789402780725,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Diagnostic cutoff points for sarcopenia in chest computed tomography (CT) have not been established although CT is widely used for investigating skeletal muscles. This study aimed to determine reference values for sarcopenia of thoracic skeletal muscles acquired from chest CT scans and to analyse variables related to sarcopenia using the cutoff values determined in a general Asian population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We retrospectively reviewed chest CT scans of 4470 participants (mean age 54.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.9\u00a0years, 65.8% male) performed at a check\u2010up centre in South Korea (January 2016\u2013August 2017). To determine cutoffs, 335 participants aged 19\u201339\u00a0years (mean age 35.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6\u00a0years, 75.2% male) were selected as the healthy and younger reference group, and 4135 participants aged \u226540\u00a0years (mean age 56.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.4\u00a0years, 65.1% male) were selected as the study group. We measured the following: cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) of the pectoralis, intercostalis, paraspinal, serratus, and latissimus muscles at the 4\n th<\/jats:sup>\n vertebral region (T4\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n ); T4\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n divided by height\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (T4MI); pectoralis muscle area (PM\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n ); and PM\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n divided by height\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (PMI) at the 4\n th<\/jats:sup>\n vertebral region. Sarcopenia cutoff was defined as sex\u2010specific values of less than \u22122 SD below the mean from the reference group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the reference group, T4\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n , T4MI, PM\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n , and PMI cutoffs for sarcopenia were 100.06cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , 33.69cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , 29.00cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , and 10.17cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n in male, and 66.93cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , 26.01cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , 18.29cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , and 7.31cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n in female, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the study group measured with T4\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n , T4MI, PM\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n and PMI cutoffs were 11.4%, 8.7%, 8.5%, and 10.1%, respectively. Correlations were observed between appendicular skeletal mass divided by height\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and T4\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.82;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001)\/T4MI (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.68;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001), and ASM\/\n height<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n measured by BIA and PM\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.72;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001)\/PMI (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.63;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). In the multivariate logistic regression models, sarcopenia defined by T4\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n \/T4MI were related to age [odds ratio (95% confidence interval),\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010values: 1.09 (1.07\u20131.11), <0.001\/1.05 (1.04\u20131.07), <0.001] and diabetes [1.60 (1.14\u20132.25), 0.007\/1.47 (1.01\u20132.14), 0.043]. Sarcopenia defined by PM\n CSA<\/jats:sub>\n \/PMI were related to age [1.09 (1.08\u20131.10), <0.001\/1.05 (1.03\u20131.06), <0.001], male sex [0.23 (0.18\u20130.30), <0.001\/0.47 (0.32\u20130.71), <0.001], diabetes [2.30 (1.73\u20133.05), <0.001\/1.63 (1.15\u20132.32), 0.007], history of cancer [2.51 (1.78\u20133.55), <0.001\/1.61 (1.04\u20132.48), 0.033], and sufficient physical activity [0.67 (0.50\u20130.89), 0.007\/0.74 (0.56\u20130.99), 0.042].\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The reference cutoff values of a general population reported here will enable sex\u2010specific standardization of thoracic muscle mass quantification and sarcopenia assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T23:37:37Z","timestamp":1644968257000},"page":"955-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Reference values of skeletal muscle area for diagnosis of sarcopenia using chest computed tomography in Asian general population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9917-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Woo","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5165-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ah Young","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3487-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1604-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Soo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1589-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Ye","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Seodaemun\u2010gu 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